1. ....4
2. ...4
2.1. ..4
2.2. ......6
2.3. ....9
3. .........9
3.1. 腅....13
3.2. 腅.....13
3.3. .15
3.4. ..16
4. ..18
......18
72
.
- . - , . , (, , ) , .. . . 1 , , .
. 1
, . ( , , ), , .
, ,
E 1 = a1 cos(ω t +φ1), (1)
E 2 = a2 cos(ω t +φ2). (2)
.
. 2
:
2 =12 + 22 + 212 cos(φ2 φ1) (3)
.. I ~ 2,
I = I 1 + I 2 + . (4)
δ = (φ2 φ1) (δ = const), . , δ , .
, :
I 1 = I 2 = I. (5)
1 . δ (ν ~ 1015). .. ( , ) , cos δ, <cos δ> = 0.
|
|
I = I 1 + I 2, (6)
.. .
2 . δ = const δ , .
1 = 2, .. I 0 = I 1 = I 2.
(4)
I = 2 I 0 + 2 I 0cos δ, (7)
cos δ +1 1 δ:
) cos δ = 1,
I = 2 I 0 2 I 0 = 0, .. ().
cos δ = 1 δ = π, 3π, 5π,(2 k +1) π, k = 0, 1, 2
, . (1) (2)
, δ , .
, (8)
(9)
r 1 r 2 - . , , λ1 λ2 - . , , - , n - , , ν - . λ (.. ), ν .
, n 1 = n 2 = n (8) (9)
, (10)
. (11)
, δ = (φ2 φ1)
. (12)
, λ0 - .
. (13)
n r , (n r 2 n r 1) = Δ - .
Δ = (2 k + 1) π, (14)
, (15)
, k = 0, 1, 2
,
. (16)
.
) cos δ = +1,
(7) I = 2 I 0 + 2 I 0 =4 I 0, .. (), cos δ = +1 δ = 0, 2π, 4π, 6π,2 k π, k = 0, 1, 2, . )
. (17)
.
, , .
, , , . , . , . τ ~ 10-810-9 (~10÷100 ). , .. . .. , , . . , δ(t) = 2(t) 1(t), I = I 1+ I 2.
|
|
. 3
, 2 , L 1 L 2.
. 4
, Δ
. (18)
, Δ (Δ = L 2 L 1), Δ ~ 10 ÷ 100 . 1- , 2-, .. .
Δ, , .
, :
1. ω1 = ω2 ν1 = ν2 ,
2. φ1 φ2 = const,
3. E 1║ E 2.
3 , , .. .