.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





1. ....4

2. ...4

2.1. ..4

2.2. ......6

2.3. ....9

3. .........9

3.1. 腅....13

3.2. 腅.....13

3.3. .15

3.4. ..16

4. ..18

......18

 


72

.

- . - , . , (, , ) , .. . . 1 , , .

. 1

 

, . ( , , ), , .

, ,

E 1 = a1 cos(ω t1), (1)

E 2 = a2 cos(ω t2). (2)

.

. 2

 

:

2 =12 + 22 + 212 cos(φ2 φ1) (3)

.. I ~ 2,

I = I 1 + I 2 + . (4)

δ = (φ2 φ1) (δ = const), . , δ , .

, :

I 1 = I 2 = I. (5)

1 . δ (ν ~ 1015). .. ( , ) , cos δ, <cos δ> = 0.

I = I 1 + I 2, (6)

.. .

2 . δ = const δ , .

1 = 2, .. I 0 = I 1 = I 2.

(4)

I = 2 I 0 + 2 I 0cos δ, (7)

cos δ +1 1 δ:

) cos δ = 1,

I = 2 I 0 2 I 0 = 0, .. ().

cos δ = 1 δ = π, 3π, 5π,(2 k +1) π, k = 0, 1, 2

, . (1) (2)
, δ , .

, (8)

(9)

 

 

r 1 r 2 - . , , λ1 λ2 - . , , - , n - , , ν - . λ (.. ), ν .

, n 1 = n 2 = n (8) (9)

, (10)

. (11)

, δ = (φ2 φ1)

. (12)

, λ0 - .

. (13)

n r , (n r 2 n r 1) = Δ - .

Δ = (2 k + 1) π, (14)

, (15)

, k = 0, 1, 2

,

. (16)

.

) cos δ = +1,

(7) I = 2 I 0 + 2 I 0 =4 I 0, .. (), cos δ = +1 δ = 0, 2π, 4π, 6π,2 k π, k = 0, 1, 2, . )

. (17)

.

, , .

 

 

, , , . , . , . τ ~ 10-810-9 (~10÷100 ). , .. . .. , , . . , δ(t) = 2(t) 1(t), I = I 1+ I 2.

. 3

 

, 2 , L 1 L 2.

. 4

 

, Δ

. (18)

, Δ (Δ = L 2 L 1), Δ ~ 10 ÷ 100 . 1- , 2-, .. .

Δ, , .

, :

1. ω1 = ω2 ν1 = ν2 ,

2. φ1 φ2 = const,

3. E 1E 2.

3 , , .. .

 

 





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