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-ant,-ent; -ance, -ence; -ance, -ency




13 - , . , .

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to invite
Active () Passive ()
Indefinite inviting being invited ,
Perfect having invited having been invited ,

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1) Indefinite Active:
Reading is useful. () .
Translating this article was not easy. (= ).
2) Indefinite Passive:
We do not like being laughed at. , .
Through being left out in the sun, the water got warm. - , (. "- ").
3) Perfect Active:
I told them about my having written a story. , (= ).
They did not know about our having changed our opinion. , ( ).

(Perfect) , , , , .

, I told them about my having written a story , , .

4) Perfect Passive:  
They did not know about the plan having been completed. , (= ).
I was sure of the job having been finished. , .

, , - .

, : . :

I have begun studying geology. (= ) .
He likes walking quickly. .

. ( ).

, . . -ing, building . building , , .

I like this building (). .
Building this railway took us three years (). .

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, , , : ) ; ) . , .

On reading his story I understand him better. (= ) , .
We know of his having done this. , .
He went without looking back. , .
He wrote of his wife's going to Moscow. , (= ).

. , , , , . . . , , - .

Collecting this material took us a month (). ().
My job was collecting the ma-terial ( ). ().
Seeing is believing ( ). ().
Nobody likes waiting (). ().
I do not like the idea of going there alone (). , ( ).
She talked without stopping ). , ().
I could not do anything wit-hout having been told about your own plans (). , ( ).

, , . , : ; - ; ; : . . : , .

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On hearing this news he went to see his father. Don't change the translation without asking the teacher. Finding our own mistakes will help our work. There is too much talking and laughing in the room; you must stop making so much noise. I do not remember ever thought of joining our group? Weighing the seed took us an hour. We knew of your having spoken about the danger. The child does not like being looked at.

-ant,-ent; -ance, -ence; -ance, -ency

-ant, -ent , - . ", , ".

-ant, -ent -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency.

to differ different difference
to appear   appearance
to depend dependent dependence
    a dependency
  permanent , permanence
expect , expectant expectance
    expectancy

, distance, disturbance, evidence, incandescent, informant, silence, . , , distant, silent, to inform, evident. to exist , to continue , to remember , to apply . , existent, existence, continuance, remembrance, appliance?





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