System of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
The Republic of Kazakhstan enjoys a 97 percent literacy rate which is higher than in the developing such as India, Peru and Morocco. The system of education in the country consists of preschool education, general secondary education, out-of-school training education, post higher education and the development of professional competence and in-service training.
The mandatory general education for young people ages 7 through 17, is provided by various institutions: the primary school includes grades 1 through 4;
the secondary stage consist of grades 5 through 9 and high school includes, grades 10 and 11. It is a common practice that all three stages function under one administration and are located in the same building. Primary schools exist mainly in very remote rural areas with a low density of population.
At the end of the 1980s an a Hernative type of general education received a reviral-gymnasiums and lyceums. The gymnasiums have a very rigorous classic curriculum that prepares students for higher education.
In addition, 40 common type childrens homes, 22 boarding schools for orphaned children and for the children deprived of parental care; 249 all year-round boarding schools; 32 boarding schools for mentally and physically handicapped children and one boarding school for 93 children with severe behavioral problems were set up.
In 1996 the Kazakhstan Assiciation of Educational Institutions was established in order to develop nongovernmental sector of education, to improve the quality and range of services and to democratize and ensure wholesome competition.
V. Answer the questions
1) What is a literacy rate in Kazakhstan?
2) What does the system of education in PK consist of?
3) What institutions is the mandatory general education provided by?
4) What ages does mandatory general education include?
5) What grades does the secondary stage consist of?
6) What grades does the primary education include?
7) What grades does the high school include?
8) What revival did the a alternative type of general education receive at the end of the 1980s?
9) What kinds of boarding schools were setup in addition?
10) What was the Kazakhstan Association of Educatianol Institutions established for?
Medical education in the UK
Only persons whose names are on the medical register that is to say having diplomas of doctors can practice as doctors in the National Health Service. And only persons whose names are on the dental register can practice dentistry in Britain. The minimum qualification for registration for a student is required six eight years training in the medical school and hospital, and for a dentist five years training at a dental school is required.
It is also required that before becoming fully registered and entitled to practice independently, a medical student must spend at least a year after the completion of study in satisfactory service in a position of doctor in one of the in-patient hospitals or institutions.
|
|
|
The General Medical Council is the governing body of the medical profession. It sees to it that no unique lifted persons practice medicine.
There are over 16 universities in the UK that grant degrees in medicine and surgery. In addition, the Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Surgeons grant diplomas which are recognized by the General Medical Council.
Higher degrees of Doctors of Medicine (MD) and Master of Surgery (MS); Member ship of one of the Royal Colleges of Physicians (MR CP); Fellowship of one of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (FR CS) may be obtained after examinations.
III.Answer the questions
1)Who can practice as doctors in the UK?
2)Who can practice dentistry in the UK?
3)What is the minimum of qualification for registration on required?
4)How long must a medical student spend in order to Practice independently?
5)What kind of body is the General Medical Council?
6)What does the General Medical Council see to it?
7)How many universities in UK grant degrees?
8)What colleges grant diplomas?
9)Which are recognized by the General Medical Council?
Medical Education in the United States
In the USA the young man who has the secondary education must pass through seven or eight years of hard study before he begins his work as a doctor.
First he has three or four years of premedical training at a university. Here he learns the main sciences. Only those students who show good results in their premedical training can become candidates for higher medical education. Those who do not continue their education can work as nurses.
The higher medical education is difficult. The students must study four years in the medical faculty of the university. During the first two years the student masters laboratory sciences. To learn the structure of the human body the student studies anatomy. The student must get deep knowledge of biological chemistry because it is the basis for clinical laboratory diagnosis and therapy.
The student learns the functions of the body theoretically from books and by laboratory experiments in classes of Physiology.
In the USA the curriculum of medical faculties has such a subject as Psychology which teaches the student to deal with patients and understand human behavior ().
The student learns all other theoretical subjects such as Pharmacology and Pathological Physiology before he begins to treat a patient.
In his third and fourth years the student gets instruction and practical experience in the treatment and care of the patient. During these years the student has the possibility to work at the hospital and learn much of main medical procedures and different diseases to be well prepared for his work.
Task III. Answer the questions:
1. How many years of premedical training at a university does young man have in the USA? 2. Who can become candidates for higher medical education?
3. Who can work as nurses?
4. How many years must the students study in the medical faculty of the university? 5. When does the student master laboratory sciences?
6. Where does the student learn the functions of the body? 7. What subjects does the student learn before he begins to treat a patient?
