.


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. 8




 

V. , .

 

Good better the best

Little less the least

Great - greater the greatst

High higher the highest

Warm warmer the warmest

Long longer the longest

Low lower the lowest

Cold colder the coldest

Full fuller the fullest

Easy easier the easiest

 

VI. . ing.

 

By inclining the ports , by shaping the head , by mixing with gases , by obtaining even mixture , by giving the shape , by admitting scavenge air .

 

 

- 10 -

 

VII. .

 

1. The scavenging ports are located on the side of the cylinder below the exhaust ports. 2. The exhaust port are located on the side of the cylinder slightly higher than the scavenging ports. 3. When the piston uncovers the exhaust ports the pressure in the cylinder falls. 4. The air is deflected upward by inclining the scavenging ports and shaping the piston head. 5. The air is trapped in the cylinder when the piston covers the ports on its up stroke. 6. The spray valve and starting air valve are located on the cylinder head. This simplifies the head, makes cooling easier and reduces the liability to crack. 7. Cross scavenging system, loop scavenging system, uniflow scavenging system. 8. A) It ensures better removal of all residues of the combustion products. B) no mixture of air with combustion gases.C) less surplus air and less scavenging work. D) even mixture of air and oil. Yes, it ensures better removal of gases. A rotary motion of the scavenging air prevents mixing of ascended air with the combustion gases. Flow conditions provide less the following: the system requires less surplus air and less scavenging work. The rotary motion ensures a very even mixture of air and oil and as a consequence a good combustion of the oil.

 

VIII. , . .13.

 

1. . 2. . 3. - : ) , ) , ) , ) .

 

- 11 -

19.

.

 

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1. .

2. :

 

 

- 12 -

 

Fuel system , fuel supply lines , high pressure fuel lines , fuel heating pipes , fuel supply , heavy fuel , fuel transfer pump , preheating arrangement , fuel filter , fuel valves , intermittent pressure , defective lines - , to repair by welding , fuel nozzle , drain line , fuel pressure maintenance valve , fuel shut off valve , fuel non-return valve , counter pressure , pressure retaining valve , steam heating , adjustible back pressure , suction side , double cone seat , overflow line , surplus fuel , to dismantle a fuel pump , quantity of fuel , discharge line , fuel sprayed , nozzle orifice , finely atomized .

 

3. consist of - comprise .

4. .

5. . .

6. . .

1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , .

 

7. .

8. .

lb/in2 puonds per square inch; F Forengate; r.p.m revolutions per minute; deg.C degrees Celcium; h.p. horse power; rev/min. revolutions per minute; kg/hr kilogramm per hour; lb.per sq.in pounds per square inch; kg/sq.cm.g. kilogramms per square gauge; atm.abs. atmosphere absolute

9. .

 

Adjucent adjucently ( )/ definite definitely (-)

Partial partially ( )/ accurate accurately ( )

Full fully ( ) / correct correctly ( )

High highly ( ) fine finely ( )

Slow slowly ( ) / quick quickly ( ).

 

10. 14.

 

- 13 -

 

.

 

I. .

II. 5 2 ( ).

III. , .

 

1. Fuel supply lines include the supply lines include the supply lines from the fuel transfer pumps and preheating arrangements to the fuel filters. 2. High-pressure fuel lines connect the fuel pumps with the fuel valves. 3. Defective high-pressure fuel lines must not be repaired by welding. 4. The fuel transfer pump is driven separately by an electric motor as a rule. 5. The fuel transfer pump should discharge against the counter pressure adjusted at the pressure retaining valve. 6. The fuel shut-off valve is provided with a double cone seat. 7. The surplus fuel delivered by the fuel transfer pump runs off into the overflow line.

 

IV. . 14 . .

 

1. An arrangement that controls the operation of all the valves is the camshaft.

2. A unit that supplies fuel to the fuel injection valve is the high pressure pump 3. A part of the valve that opene and closes the nozzle is the needle. 4. A device that isolates the pump from the fuel line is the non-return valve. 5. An arrangement that stops thw supplyb to the fuel pipe is the shut-off valve. 6. The line that functions when there is surplus fuel in the system is the overflow line.

 

V. .

 

1. The engine fuel system consists of a fuel supply pipeline, high-pressure fuel pipeline andd discharging pipeline. 2. If heavy fuel is used for the system, it must be heated. 3. The pipeline providing injection of fuel into the cylinder is under high intermittent pressure. 4. The fuel booster pump is driven by an electric motor.5. Bypass valve is designed for certain counterpressure. 6. Every cylinder has its own fuel pump providing injection. 7. Surplus fuel supplied by the pump is discharged into the overflow pipeline. 8. The non-return valve isolates the pump from fuel discharge pipeline.

 

VI. .

 

1. The fuel system of any diesel engine comprises the fuel supply lines, high-pressure fuel lines, fuel heating pipes. 2. Fuel supply lines include the following: the supply lines from the fuel transfer pumps, preheating arrangements to the fuel filters, fuel pumps on the engine, fuel supply lines to the installation. 3. High-pressure fuel lines connect the fuel pumps with the fuel valves and are under very high intermittent pressure. 4. Preheating system is imployed for heating heavy fuel and for partial heating of drain lines for leakage fuel. 5. Fuel system fittings are: fuel transfer pump, fuel filter, fuel pressure maintenance valve, fuel shut-off valve, fuel non-return valve. 6. The fuel transfer pump is driven by an electric motor. Its capacity must be chosen so that it is always fully capable of discharging against the counterpressure adjusted at the pressure-retaining valve. 7. The fuel filter contains several filter elements which can be switched over during operation, it is designed for steam heating. 8. Yes, the fuel pressure-retaining valve is designed for adjustable back pressure. 9. The shut of valve is provided with a double cone seat.10. the non-return valve is siyuated between the fuel pump and the overflow line it isolates the fuel transfer pump from the

- 14 -

 

overflow line. 11. Each cylinder possesses its own fuel pump, because the pump discharges a definite quantity of fuel through the discharge line to the fuel valve at the correct moment under high pressure. 12. The fuel pump discharges a definite quantity of fuel through the discharge line to the fuel valve, then the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber through a number of nozzle orifices and is finely atomized in the process.

 

VII. .

 

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. .

 

 

.

.

.

 

.

, , . , . . . , .

.

, M.A.N. British Standard Institution Specification 2869/1957 A, B.

, , , , .

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, , , ,, , . 3,500 Redwood 1 100 , . , , , . , , .

, , , :

- 15 -

 

16 (15.6 ) . . Redwood 1 100 (37.8 ) ( / )
    18,800 (10,443)
  3,500 18,300 (10,166)

 

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- 60 -

(15.6 )

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- (Redwood 1 100

- 37.8 -

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.

 

I. .

II. .

 

1.Cleanliness of fuel is vitally important for engine operation. 2. Filtering of diesel fuel is of special importance. 3. Grit or abrasive matter can damage the nozzle. 4. The filters should be sound and clean. 5. An adequite provision should be made for heating and centrifuging when turning on heavy grade of oil. 6. The cost of heavy oil is lower than that of high grade. 7. The viscosity suitable for these engines is 220 or 3,500. 8. Use of heavy fuels leads to more frequent maintenance. 9. Specific gravity, viscisity, gross caloric value are necessary to obtain the suitable fuel for a certain engine. 10. The engine is fitted with a fuel oil filter of the dual flow type. 11. The filter elemrnts are of the fabric type, when one element is removed for cleaning the other is in use.

 

- 16 -

 

20.

.

 

MAPX 204 TGT , .. .

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.

 

:

1. The separator is used for purification or clarification of mineral oils. 2. This separator is designed for intermittent discharge. 3. Electrinic equipment satisfies the demand for the unmanned engine rooms. 4. The programm equipment fulfils the classification requirements. 5. It is progtammed for separation in single stage, operation in series or in parallel. 6. The methods of operation are selected by programming plugs. 7. Alarm functions are designed for broken water seal, high counterpressure in clean oil outlet and power failure. 8. Yes, separation takes place in a bowl. 9. Built-in paring disc pumps discharge clean oil and separated water. 10. A hydraulic system opens and closes the bowl. 11. This discharge cycle is controlled by an automatic timing device, but can also be initiated manually. 12. The bowl can be arranged as a purifier for oils containing sludge and an appreciable quantity of water or as a clarifier for oils containing sludge and a very small quantity of water.

.

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- 17 -

 

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I. 15.

II. Basuc Equipment.

III. ing ed.

 

Self-cleaning type

Discharged water

Engineering industries

Separated sludge

Unmanned engine room

Associated instrumentation

 

IV. :

Centrifugal separator , lower part , drive shaft , friction cluch , friction brake - , worm gear , vertical bowl spindle , oil bath , upper part , frame hood , fuel system , discharge system , clean oil , heavy phase liquid , self-cleaning disc type , hydraulic operating system , controlled total discharge , inlet device - , transpatent plastic tube .

 

V. 15.

 

1. The separator comprises a frame, a horozontal drive shaft with friction clutch and brake, worm gear and a vertical bowl spindle. 2. Yes the frame contains a shaft. 3. Friction clutch and brake are fitted on the horizontal drive shaft. 4. The worm gear is placed in the lower part of the frame.

- 18 -

 

5. The bowl is fixed on the top of the spindle. 6. The frame hood carry feed and discharge systems. 7. Oil and liquid are discharged by built in paring disc pump. 8. The bowl is of self-cleaning disc type. 9. A water manoeuvred hydraulic operating system is used for controlled total discharge. 10. , 156. 11. A flow indicator shows with what speed liquid passes the tubes. 12. The revolution indicator shows the nubber of revolutions of the bowl per a set period of time. 13. The clarifier part consists of gravity disc.

 

VI. .

 

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. .

 

- 20 -

 

21.

.

 

 

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163. .

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- 21 -

 

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