13.
(-) ( , , , .), .
, : 1) , 2) , 3) ,
4) .
, . , , .
. , , ( ).
( ) : 1) ( ), 2) , 3) ( ).
() (mult = [(1 + r)/(cr + rr)], D = mult D. () (mult = 1/rr).
, , :
1)
2) ( )
3)
( required reserve ratio). , , ( ), . , : R . = D rr, R . , D , rr ( ). ( , , ) , , , , , , .
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|
, .
-, , .. , . , . , ( ), , . , 1000 ., , 10%, D= DD DR . = D D (DD rr) = 1000 1000 0.1 = 900, , 20%
D= 1000 1000 0.2 = 800.
-, () (mult = 1/rr, rr ). 10% 20% 10 (1/0.1) 5 (1/0.2). , : 1) , 2) .