.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


to range from. to. . .




plastic utensils

polyester clothing

to increase [-z], v. steadily

increase [-s], n.

over much of this period

in comparison with (as compared with)

on the assumption of ()

abundant oil , ,

an abrupt change

oil-producing nations ,

to be located in

to belong to

OPEC (the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) ( )

to raise the price

( encourage consumers ,

to economize on its use

to forecast correctly

cutbacks in quantity demanded

to be dependent on oil

to be available (to be in stock; ant. to be out of stock) potential substitutes ()

to anticipate , ,

substantial price increase [-s] ,

to lead (led, led) to (to cause, to entail, to result in)

reduction in sales

to be profitable for ,

OPEC members .

to quote prices in US dollars per barrel ,

to triple ['tripl] ,

a gradual rise

sharp, dramatic increase

to take by surprise

upheaval [i:]

to inflict upheaval on the world economy ( )

to respond to prices

a producer

to determine what, how and for whom to produce ,

to increase six-fold

oil-based products

artificial substitutes for petroleum production processes

fuel-efficient aircraft

oil-intensive products

switch to

commuters ,

car-pools ,

to choke off the demand

substitute commodities -

to bid up the price

to encourage production

to contemplate solar energy ()

to reflect a shift away from... towards (to)... (, ) ... ...

OPEC revenues

nearly $300 billion 300

industrialized Western nations ()

in contrast

oil-importing nations ,

to give up the production ()

in exchange for

to require

the buying (purchasing, spending) power

an intricate interconnected system

a disturbance , ,

to ripple throughout the entire economy

some activities expanded/contracted /

to pay higher wages to attract the extra labour

to renew ,

demand for

to secure wage increases

price slump

to persist ,

to exceed

the available supply

to become more scarce in economic terms ,

 

 





:


: 2016-12-18; !; : 289 |


:

:

, ,
==> ...

782 - | 791 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.013 .