(x,y,z,px,py,pz). t, . . (x,y,z). .. , , -
*.
= H/ p, = - H/ t,
H -
H = p2/2m + U(r),
U(r) - , .
, , . "" , , .
. , ,
S=Acos(wt- k+j)
S=O[i(wt- k+j)].
(1) (2) w k=2p/l p,
Y =O[(-i/ )(t- p)]. (16)
( , |Y| 2, ).
Y -. , , .
1926 . : , dV:
dP =|Y| 2 dV=YY*dV (17)
Y * - - .
|Y| 2=YY* = dP/ dV - .
(17), , ( =1).
(18)
(18) .
, , , . , . Y t:
(19)