I II , , .
He coming very late, we had to stay at home. () , .
This done, we decided to have a rest. , .
.
This being done, they left with light hearts. , () .
And still she sat there, her hands lying loosely in front of her.
, .
12, 13. 12, 13 Complex Object ( ).
Complex Object (me, us, you, them, him, her, it) . ( , , ):
I want him to help me. , .
What do I want him to do?
The boy did not want his friend to be laughed at. , .
, , , , , , : to see, to watch, to notice, to hear, to feel, to want, to wish, to command, to request, to allow, to permit, to let somebody to do something .. , to see, to hear, to let to:
The teacher let me go out of the classroom. , .
I saw him cross the street. ,
.
She heard her sister play the piano in the next room. , .
I have seen (watched) police-women in London regulate traf-
fic. (), - .
I have heard him interrogate the witness. , .
I saw the man cross the street. , .
I (Present Participle). , ( ).
:
He fell off the wall. . I saw this. . I saw him fall off the wall. , .
He was walking along the street. . I saw this when I drove past in my car. , . I saw him walking along the street. , .
14. 14 (Past Perfect).
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Past Perfect - , have Past Indefinite (.. had) (Past Participle) .
1 I had asked We had asked
2 You had asked You had asked
3 He (she) had asked They had asked
Past Perfect had , .
1 Had I asked? Had we asked?
2 Had you asked? Had you asked?
3 Had he (she) asked? Had they asked?
not, .
1 I had not asked We had not asked
2 You had not asked You had not asked
3 He (she) had not asked They had not asked
:
I (We, You, They, He, She, It) had done it by 5 o'clock yesterday. (,...) 5 .
Had I (we, you, they, he, she, It) done it...?
I (We, You, They, He, She, It) hadn't done it....
. : | ||
, - by - . | , Past Simple. | |
by... o'clock - ... ; by the 7th of June - 7 ; by the end of the week - .. | yesterday till... - .. before - ; | |
Yesterday by 4 o'clock I had written the record of interrogation. 4 () . | I had written the record of interrogation before the chief came. () , . |
Past Perfect "" . , - .
Past Perfect . - Past Indefinite (Simple), , .. , , Past Perfect.
He thanked me for what I had done for him. , . : thanked - , had done - .
15. 15 - Future Perfect - , to have Future Indefinite (Simple) (Past Participle) .
1 I shall/will have asked We shall/will have asked
2 You will have asked You will have asked
3 He (she) will have asked They will have asked
Future Perfect (shall will) , - .
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1 Shall/will I have asked? Shall/will we have asked?
2 Will you have asked? Will you have asked?
3 Will he(she) have asked? Will they have asked?
1 I shall/will not have asked. We shall/will not have
asked.
2 You will not have asked. You will not have asked.
3 He (she) will not asked. They will not have asked.
I (you, he, she, we, they) 'll have done it by 5 o'clock tomorrow.
(, , , , ) 5 .
Shall (will) I (you, he, she, we, they) have done it...?
I (you, he, she, we, they) shan't (won't) have done it by 5 o'clock tomorrow.
I' ll have finished the article by this time next Tuesday.
.
Future Perfect , . .
Future Perfect , , .
, , : | ||
, - by - . | , Present Simple. | |
- | by... o'clock - ... ; by the 7th of June - 7 ; by the end of the week - .. | Tomorrow till... ...; before - ; .. |
I'll have written the record of interrogation by 4 o'clock tomorrow. 4 () . | I'll have written the record of interrogation before the chief comes. . |
16. 16 (Sequence of Tenses).
- .
, .
. , Past Indefinite Past Conti-nuous:
He said that they were fixing a car. , .
I thought that they went there very often. , .
I didnt know you spoke English. , -.
. , Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous:
He was told that they had left. , .
We knew that they had been working in the garden since early morning. , .
I knew that she had been studying at the Institute for about three years.
, .
, , .
. , .. , future-in-the-past ( ). shall should, will - would.
They knew that I should wait for them. , .
He said he would post the letter himself. , .
The man said he would go and consult his chief. , .
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She made me promise I would tell nobody about it. , .
:
1. , :
The children learnt at the lesson that the Sun rotates around its axis. , .
2. must , - :
She said, We must hurry. She said we must hurry.
17-19. 17, 18 19 (Reported speech).
(Direct Speech) c (. ):