1.
.
. 1:100, 1:500.
, ; .
, , .
, .
50,0 54,5 .
1
. 161.55
, | , | |||
161.05 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||
159.45 | 2.1 | 1.6 | ||
156.95 | 4.6 | 2.5 | ||
154.55 | 2.4 | |||
147.55 | 7.0 |
1
. 161,80
, | , | |||
161,30 | 0,5 | 0,5 | ||
159,65 | 2,15 | 1,65 | ||
158,80 | 3,00 | 0,85 |
2
. 162,20
, | , | |||
161,70 | 0,5 | 0,5 | ||
160,00 | 2,2 | 1,7 | ||
157,70 | 4,5 | 2,3 | ||
155,20 | 7,0 | 2,5 | ||
148,20 | 14,0 | 7,0 |
1:
, , g=1,7 /3. .
2:
: j=12, =30 , =3´10-9 /, W=30%, Wl=36%, Wp=17%, gs=2,7/3 g=1,93 /3.
1. : Ip=0,36-0,17=0,19 => .
2. :
3. ( 4) Ip=0,19, , .
:
( 5): 0,5<Il<0,75 => . Ro=1,965/2 ( 6).
. ( 6.9) , b=0,43 ,
-( 6.10),
3:
: j=26, =4´10-4 /, W=28%, gs=2,65 /3 g=1,95 /3.
1. : .
2. :
3. C .
|
|
|
|
|
5. - .
6. ( 2): .
7.
,
gw
>0,8 => .
8. : , , , .
9. ( 3) . Ro=3,0/2.
. ( 6.11):
4:
: j=16, =17 , =3´10-9 /, W=28%, Wl=33%, Wp=21%, gs=2,72 /3 g=1,98/3.
1. : Ip=0,33-0,21=0,12>0,01 => .
2. :
3. Ip=0,12 ( 4), , .
4. :
( 5): .
6. ( 6). Ro=1,9576 .
:
|
5:
: j=16, =5´10-10 /, W=27%, Wl=38%, Wp=20%, gs=2,73 /3 g=1,99 /3, =32
1. : Ip=0,38-0,20=0,18>0,01 => .
2. :
3. ( 4) Ip=0,18, , .
:
4. ( 5): 0,25<Il<0,5 => . : .
6. Ro=3,078/2 ( 6)
|
b=0,43 ,
,
3. .
, .
4. .
4.1. . , 161.715.
h=1.9.
, . 10-15 .
4.2.1 , (4.1)-(4.4):
2.
: No=125; Mxo=16; Myo=13; Qy=9.
- => l=b
|
|
( 8): =0,23; =1.94; =4.42; ( 7): =1,1; =1,0.
( 4.8):
: -( 4.6)
-( 4.7), :
b=3 , l=3 . , .
:
22.944 /2 >17.689 /2 .
-( 4.21)
-( 4.22)
-( 4.9)
27.93 /2 < 1,5×22.944=34.42 / .
<1,2×22.944/2=27.53 /2
-( 4.13)
0 /2 < 7,45 /2 .
5.1. .
.
.
( 5.1).
, 5.3,
d=4¸7 ³ho+d ( 13).
25 => Rbt = 1,05 =105
400*400.
5 , H=ho+0,05 = 0,51+0,05=0,56 . ( 13) , : =60 ; h1=30, h2=30.
:
( 5.2)
:
5.1:
-
:
( 5.2)
:
5.1:
-
5.3. .
As .
( 5.5 5.6).
Rs = 365 A-III(300).
-( 5.14)
..
:
( 5.15)
As= 37.759 c2. 21 ( 14) 21&16ÞAs=42.232 145 .
.
6. - .
6.1. .
.
6.1
: : = 0.85
: = 4
, , (), : = 4.962
C : = 5.976
:
=13.437
:
= 27,367
. :
= 3,558
( 6.3):
|
|
=17,689/2 3,558 /2=14,131/2
:
a | z () | Poz (/2) |
0,98 | 0,0786b | 13.848 |
0,8 | 0,4b | 11.305 |
0.784 | 0.4167b | 11.079 |
0,449 | 0.8b | 6.345 |
0,257 | 1,2b | 3.632 |
0,16 | 1,6b | 2.26 |
0.149 | 1.673b | 2.103 |
0,108 | 2,0b | 1.53 |
, , 0,2 ( 6.5), 4,8 . , ( 6.7) 0,4b (1.2 ). .
( 6.8):
( 6.12)- ( 16).
.
1.
, 4, 5, 6, 7 .3 . , . .
: No=125; Mxo=16; Myo=13; Qy0=9.
2. :
1: . H1=0.95, g=1,6 /3
2: j=16, =8 , =4´10-6 /, Ro=0 /2;
gs=2,68 /3; g=2,00 /3; Il=1,123, 2=3,6;
3: j=26, =0 , =3´10-4 /, e=0,702; Ro=0,1 /2, 3=2,8, =2442 /2;
gs=2,66 /3; g=2,00 /3;
4: j=17, =17 , =5´10-2 /, e=0,691; Ro=2,45 /2;
gs=2,69 /3; g=2,02 /3; Il=0,169, 4=3, =2671,2 /2;
5: j=19, =55 , =2´10-10 /, e=0,55; Ro=6 /2;
gs=2,77 /3; g=2,14 /3; Il=-0,009; W=20%, Wl=40,8%, Wp=20,6%, =3180 /2;