.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





1.

 

.

. 1:100, 1:500.

, ; .

, , .

, .

50,0 54,5 .

 

1

. 161.55

 

, ,
  161.05 0.5 0.5
  159.45 2.1 1.6
  156.95 4.6 2.5
  154.55   2.4
  147.55   7.0

 

1

. 161,80

 

, ,
  161,30 0,5 0,5
  159,65 2,15 1,65
  158,80 3,00 0,85

 

2

. 162,20

 

, ,
  161,70 0,5 0,5
  160,00 2,2 1,7
  157,70 4,5 2,3
  155,20 7,0 2,5
  148,20 14,0 7,0

1:

, , g=1,7 /3. .

2:

: j=12, =30 , =3´10-9 /, W=30%, Wl=36%, Wp=17%, gs=2,7/3 g=1,93 /3.

1. : Ip=0,36-0,17=0,19 => .

2. :

3. ( 4) Ip=0,19, , .

:

( 5): 0,5<Il<0,75 => . Ro=1,965/2 ( 6).

 

. ( 6.9) , b=0,43 ,

-( 6.10),

3:

: j=26, =4´10-4 /, W=28%, gs=2,65 /3 g=1,95 /3.

1. : .

2. :

3. C .

d() vvvvfvvvvv (ìì)
lgd 1

d (ìì)
4. ( 1) => .

5. - .

6. ( 2): .

7.

,

gw

>0,8 => .

8. : , , , .

9. ( 3) . Ro=3,0/2.

. ( 6.11):

 

4:

: j=16, =17 , =3´10-9 /, W=28%, Wl=33%, Wp=21%, gs=2,72 /3 g=1,98/3.

1. : Ip=0,33-0,21=0,12>0,01 => .

2. :

3. Ip=0,12 ( 4), , .

4. :

( 5): .

6. ( 6). Ro=1,9576 .

:

(/2)

 

5:

: j=16, =5´10-10 /, W=27%, Wl=38%, Wp=20%, gs=2,73 /3 g=1,99 /3, =32

1. : Ip=0,38-0,20=0,18>0,01 => .

 

2. :

3. ( 4) Ip=0,18, , .

:

4. ( 5): 0,25<Il<0,5 => . : .

6. Ro=3,078/2 ( 6)

 

ð
.

b=0,43 ,

,

3. .

, .

 

4. .

4.1. . , 161.715.

h=1.9.

, . 10-15 .

4.2.1 , (4.1)-(4.4):

 

2.

: No=125; Mxo=16; Myo=13; Qy=9.

- => l=b

 

( 8): =0,23; =1.94; =4.42; ( 7): =1,1; =1,0.

( 4.8):

: -( 4.6)

-( 4.7), :

 

b=3 , l=3 . , .

:

 

22.944 /2 >17.689 /2 .

-( 4.21)

-( 4.22)

-( 4.9)

27.93 /2 < 1,5×22.944=34.42 / .

<1,2×22.944/2=27.53 /2

-( 4.13)

0 /2 < 7,45 /2 .

 

5.1. .

 

.

.

( 5.1).

, 5.3,

d=4¸7 ³ho+d ( 13).

25 => Rbt = 1,05 =105

400*400.

 

5 , H=ho+0,05 = 0,51+0,05=0,56 . ( 13) , : =60 ; h1=30, h2=30.

:

( 5.2)

:

5.1:

-

:

( 5.2)

 

 

:

5.1:

-

 

5.3. .

 

As .

( 5.5 5.6).

Rs = 365 A-III(300).

-( 5.14)

..

:

( 5.15)

As= 37.759 c2. 21 ( 14) 21&16ÞAs=42.232 145 .

.

 

6. - .

6.1. .

 

.

6.1

: : = 0.85

: = 4

, , (), : = 4.962

C : = 5.976

:

=13.437

:

= 27,367

. :

= 3,558

( 6.3):

=17,689/2 3,558 /2=14,131/2

 

 

:

a z () Poz (/2)
0,98 0,0786b 13.848
0,8 0,4b 11.305
0.784 0.4167b 11.079
0,449 0.8b 6.345
0,257 1,2b 3.632
0,16 1,6b 2.26
0.149 1.673b 2.103
0,108 2,0b 1.53

 

, , 0,2 ( 6.5), 4,8 . , ( 6.7) 0,4b (1.2 ). .

( 6.8):

( 6.12)- ( 16).

.

 

1.

, 4, 5, 6, 7 .3 . , . .

: No=125; Mxo=16; Myo=13; Qy0=9.

2. :

1: . H1=0.95, g=1,6 /3

2: j=16, =8 , =4´10-6 /, Ro=0 /2;

gs=2,68 /3; g=2,00 /3; Il=1,123, 2=3,6;

3: j=26, =0 , =3´10-4 /, e=0,702; Ro=0,1 /2, 3=2,8, =2442 /2;

gs=2,66 /3; g=2,00 /3;

4: j=17, =17 , =5´10-2 /, e=0,691; Ro=2,45 /2;

gs=2,69 /3; g=2,02 /3; Il=0,169, 4=3, =2671,2 /2;

5: j=19, =55 , =2´10-10 /, e=0,55; Ro=6 /2;

gs=2,77 /3; g=2,14 /3; Il=-0,009; W=20%, Wl=40,8%, Wp=20,6%, =3180 /2;

 





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