. , , . , . . , , . . , . .
. () , . . , . , . . , , , , , . , . . r . , .
, . , r. . ( ) 4/3 πr 3 ρ 4 πr 2 σ (σ , ρ ).
= ( ) 4/3 πr 3 ρ + 4 πr 2 σ. (2.6)
, . , , > .
r, (dA / dr) = 0 ( r = r),
8 πr σ ( ) 4 πr 2 ρ = 0. (2.7)
|
|
( ) = 2 σ / ρ r. (2.8)
, , . r (2.8) :
d d = 2 σ / ρ d (1 / r), (2. 9)
σ ρ .
d = v d φ dT,
(1.16)
d = φ dT + v dp, (2.10)
d = φ + v dp, (2.11)
φ φ ; v v .
dT dp . dp, (2.9) (2.10) (2.11)
(φ φ) dT = 2 σ / ρ d (1 / r) (2.12)
dq = T dφ,
2 σ / ρ d (1 / r) = L dT / T, (2.13)
L .
(2.13) 0 r, 0 , , (2.14)
0 = 273.16 .
A = 4/3 π r2 σ () (2.15)
A = 1/3 σ S, (2.16)
S .
, .
(2.14) , (0 ). , , . , .