To be
1) be+/
be 2) be be+V(ing)
be+V(ed)(PII)
3) be to +V(o)(Infinitive)
; ( -, -/-, -). . -.
The main material was granite.
.
He is a very clever student.
() .
The greater part of the road was under water.
.
2. .
:
) Continuous:be + Ving
, .
Thery are still making the experiment.
() .
The experts were analyzing the data.
.
)Passive Voice:be+Ved (PII)
The Periodic Table was published in 1869.
1869.
This unit will be installed in the foundry shop.
.
must
to
Be to Vo
: , .
You are to study this problem as soon as possible
.
The municipal authorities will be to support this proposal.
.
To have
1) have + ()
have 2) have + V(ed)(PII)
3) have to + V(o)(Infinitive)
1. . .
Have +
The cylinder has two input valves.
.
2.
Perfect
Have + V (ed)(PII)
have , , .
The designers have greatly changed the configuration of the engine.(Present Perfect)
have changed - Present Perfect
.
The plant will have produced this model by the end of the year.(Future Perfect)
will have produced - Future Perfect
.
3. Have to= must
have :have to+Vo,
have (to) :,.
They had to replace the old engine by new one.
To do
1) do +
do 2) /
3) do + V(o)( to)
|
|
|
4) -
do :
1. C. : ,
, , .
Thery did this work yesterday = .
2. .
Does the canal connect two oceans?
?
The first self-propelled vehicles did not develop high speed.
.
3.
do .
Do +V (o)()
do, , . , , , "
The exhibition did open yesterday.
.
But we do see him every day.
.
The plant did generate such amount of energy.
.
4. -
, . , , .
The metals withstand high pressure and the plasics do too.
()
.
(Infinitive)
| Active | Passive | , . | |
| Simple | to ask to go | to be asked to be gone |
to .
can/could, may/might, must shall/should, will/would, do/did to
The workers can get another qualification at the plant.
.
They will assemble the installation in some days.
()
:
1) :
To read is useful. - - .
To solve this problem requires some experience.
.
2) :
He began to work as an engineer last year.
.
The train was to arrive at midnight.
.
He used to come to see us every day.
.
3) :
Id like to ask thim what it all meant.
, .
He loved to drive and was always interested in cars.
.
4) :
Industrial systems to be built now perform many production tasks.
, , .
Another factor for any engineer to consider is the level of automation of the plant.
, , .
|
|
|
1) :
He came to help us.
, .
The car was too old to develop high speed.
, .
:
1) :
To design new machine-tools is the task of mechanical engineer.
- .
2) :
The task is to raise the reliability of robots.
- .
3) :
To be a good engineer one is to have technical knowledge.
, .
The instructions to help to process data are developed by the qualified specialists.
, , .
(Gerund)
- , .
| Active | Passive | , . |
| asking going | asked being gone |
(Participle)
:
) : Participle I
) : Participle II
, , .
Participle I
| Active | Passive | , |
| asking going | Being asked being gone |
Participle II
II , , .
II : asked ( to ask)
II :
gone ( to go), taken ( to take)
:
| Casting is metallurgical process. - . | ||
| He began painting the wall. The best way of solving this problem is experimenting. () . | The engineer is preparing a series of experiments. . Converters are used in steel production. . The researcher has recorded the data of the experiment. . | |
| o | ||
| Taxes are one of the ways of forming budget. - . | The obtained results are studied. . The plant reflecting solar rays was developed. , . | |
| In developing new sistem we can use computers. . We improve the quality of products by introducing new methods. , . | When assembled the car undergoes various tests. . While burning coal produced heat. . If asked he will come. , . | |
, of: the method of processing ( ), - by (, ), in (), on/upon (, , ), without(, ), after (; , ), before (; ,), .: in building...( ), on completing... ( ),without heating... ( ), by introducing...( ).
|
|
|
to let. : Let + O + Vo
- () (me, him, her, it, us, you, them),
Vo - to.
let : , (), ().
Lets (Let us) help him. - .
Let the students translate this text. - .
Let the children play in the garden. - () .
