. 8. :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
. 9. . , "True", "False". .
1. The Liverpool to Manchester Railway was the first commercial railway line designed to carry passengers as well as freight.
2. Two tunnels and a nine arch viaduct were to be constructed on this single-track line.
3. Five locomotives took part in the Rainhill Trials.
4. The railway opened with great ceremony on 15 September 1830 when a procession of eight of the Stephenson locomotives traveled the length of the line from Manchester to Liverpool.
5. The completion and success of the Liverpool-Manchester Railway stimulated road construction in Britain.
. 10. , .
1. Why did a group of businessmen led by James Sandars decide to build the railway?
a) to travel more comfortably and quickly from Liverpool to Manchester
b) to carry workers cheaper and faster
c) to invest money in profitable business
d) to reduce the cost of carrying freight between the port of Liverpool and mills in Manchester
2. How many viaducts were to be built according to Stephenson's project?
a) nine c) thirty five
b) one d) two
3. What was the length of the L&MR?
a) 26 km 31 m c) 46 km 31 m
b) 36 km 31 m d) 56 km 31 m
4. What was one of the rules at the Rainhill trials?
a) the locomotive was required to haul a load for a distance of 70 km
b) the locomotive was to cost less than £550 to build
c) the locomotive was required to haul a load, four times its own weight
d) the locomotive was not to weigh more than 2 tons
5. What incident overshadowed the opening ceremony of the L&MR?
a) one of the eight locomotives derailed
b) it started raining
c) William Huskisson, the MP for Liverpool, was run over by the Rocket
d) the Duke of Wellington refused to attend the opening ceremony
2
. 1.
(A) . , .
1. Since Finland has the same railway gauge as Russia, high-speed trains are able to cross the border without stopping.
2. We were to leave for England on Saturday but because of the delay with our visas, we had to book tickets for Monday.
|
|
|
3. Covered hopper cars are used for carrying cargo that is to be protected from the weather such as grain, sugar or mineral fertilizers.
4. Switches are necessary where trains have to be moved from one track to another.
5. Passengers were reminded that it wasn't allowed to smoke in this carriage.
(B). .
| 1. When passing the curve, a tilting train ___ decrease its speed. 2. You ___ transfer to another line at the next Metro station. 3. While building the railway in Siberia, the workers ___ overcome many difficulties. 4. In order to keep a railway track in good condition, ballast ___ be regularly cleaned. 5. Until the 19th century, people ___ travel freely between most countries without a passport. | a) is to b) were be able to c) doesnt have to d) are able to e) had to |
. 2.
