( ) (, ). - , , . , .
( ) . , , , , . .
() - , . . - .
. , , , . , .
, .. (1888 ) .24.
. 24
, . , . . V. , .. . I V (- ) ( = const.) .25.
. 25
, I0, . . n, :
I0 = en (70)
- .
J . v = 0 (J ≠ 0), , , . , , V = V ( ) , vmax; .
|
|
(71)
m - .
:
1. :
I0 = γ (72)
γ, ( ) I , , , .
2. .
3. (), ν0, .
, . . , - , .
, , . . , hν . () (.. ) (mv2max/2).
, ( ):
(73)
(73) . ( ). ν = ν0 ( , ) () ( ). hν0 = A,.. , .
(74)
(h - ).
(73).
. 26
, , . ( ) . . 26. : , , , , . . ( ), . - , , . 150 /. , , 1000 / . : 10-9.
|
|
1672 , . , , (.27), .
. 27.
, n λ0. :
, (75)
λ0 - .
n λ0 (dn/dλ0). c v ():
(76)
λ0 = 400 ÷ 760 . . . ν λ0 = c/ν. , v = c/n, :
λ = v/ν = c/ νn = λ0/n (77)
, n c :
(78)
ν = (0,39 ÷ 0,75) 1015 (79)
(75) , . 2. ; ( ).
. 28.
, (. . 30). dn/dλ0 . n λ0 . , , . λ0.