.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


,




, . ( ), . (. 4) , , . , 25 , , (0 = 1,28 0). , , 0,5, , 0,25 0,64 (1,28 0,5). . , , , , . , , , 1,0 ( ), 1,28 (1,28 1).

(SDy) . , (Hunter) (Schmidt) (1982) , (SDy) , 40 70 . , , , , 40 SDy. . £ 14000 SDy £5600 . 0,64 . , SDy , £3584 (£ 5600 0,64). , .

, , :

U = (CDy)(Zx)(r) -

 

CDy ; Zx ( ) ( ); ; . , (ROI), .

. , , . , , . , . , :

(a) , 1:4 0,25 ( 1,28 (Zx) );

(b) , 0,5 ();

(c) , £ 14000. CDy, £5600, 40 ;

(d) , () 3 ;

(e) , (N);

(f) , () £500.

 

(ROI)

= (Zx)(r)(SDy) = [1,28 0,5 £5600] - £500 = £3084

 

(ROI) -

= (ROI) (T) (N) = ROI = £ 3084 3 5 = £46260.

 

, - 3000 . , 3 £46000. ( ), . , 0,2, :

 

ROI = (SDy) (Zx) (r) = [1,28 0,2 £5600] - £500 = £933,60

ROI = (ROI) (N) (T) = £933,60 x 5 = £14004,00

 

, , ; , , , .


, .

.

, , ; . , ,

, ().

, , .

.

, .

. , . , , ; .

, . .

, , , - .

BPS , , , , (British Psychological Society BPS). BPS BPS. BPS CPsychol. ( (Occupational ), Clin (Clinical ), Ed (Educational ), Foren (Forensic ), Couns (Counselling )), ѻ Psychol. BPS , .

, , ; . .

, . , , . . .

, . .

, , - ( ). , .

. , .

, . . , : -, , , , .

. , .

, , , .

, . .

-. .

X (.. SDy XZxXr XtrXVn-C)

, (National Vocational Qualifications NVQs).

, , . , , .

( ) , .

, ( ). , 0 ; 1 + 1.

, ( /)

( , 0,25). (Z>x), .

, . - .

- , . , .

, . . , : , , . , : , , , .

, . , , , , . , .

, , .

, , . . (68 - ).

, . . .

, - . , , .

- () , / ( ).

, . : , , . : , .

. , .

Z 0; 1; +3 3. 9, 10, ( Z 10 50 ).

10 5,5; 2; 1 10.

9 5; 2; 1 9.

, ( / ).

50; 10; 20 80.

, ( ..). . , . . .

, , . : . , .

, .

, ; .

, , . . , ( , .), ..

, , ( ) ( , , , , ).

, , .

, , . 60- , 60 . (: 60- 25, 60 25 ).

. : , , , , ..

. , . , , .

, , , . , . , .

, .

, . .

. .

, . .

, ( , ).

, . , , ( )

, , .

() . , .

. , , .

( ), . .

. .

, . . 400 , .

, , .

-, . .

, , .

, , . , .

, , , .

, , .

, (, .) .

, , . .

(.. , ).

, .

, : , , . ; , , , .

, .

g , , . ( , , ).

SDy . , SDy 40 , . .

Z , , . .


Aguinis, ., Henle, . A. and Beaty, J. . (2001) 'Virtual Reality Technology: A new tool for personnel selection'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 70 83.

Amos, A. (2000) Going to Work on the Web. Warwick, UK: Association of Graduate Recruiters.

Anderson, N. and Shackleton, V. (1990) 'Decision making in the graduate selection interview: A field study'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 63-76.

Argote, L. and McGrath, J. E. (1993) 'Group processes in organization: Continuity and change'. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds) International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 8. Chichester: John Wiley.

Arvey, R. D. and Campion, J. E. (1982) 'The employment interview: A summary and review of recent literature'. Personnel Psychology, 35, 281-322.

Asher, J. J. and Sciarrino, J. A. (1974) 'Realistic work-sample tests: A review'. Personnel Psychology, 27, 519 533.

Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englcwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Banks, M. H., Jackson, P. R., Stafford, E. M. and Warr, P. B. (1983) 'The job components inventory and the analysis of jobs requiring limited skill'. Personnel Psychology, 36, 57 66.

Barclay, J. M. (1999) 'Employee selection: A question of structure'. PersonnelReview, 28, 134- 151.

Barrick, M. R. and Mount, M. K. (1991) 'The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis'. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1 26.

Barrick, M. R. and Mount, M. K. (1996) 'Effects of impression management and self-deception on the predictive validity of personality constructs'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 261 272.

Bartram, D. A. (1994) 'Computer-based assessment'. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds) International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 9. Chichester: John Wiley.

Bartram, D. A. (ed.) (1995) The Review of Personality Assessment Instruments (Level B) for Use in Occupational Testing. Leicester: EPS Books.

Bartram, D. and Lindley, P. A. (1994) Psychological Testing: The BPS 'Level A' Open Learning programme. Leicester: BPS Books.

Bartram, D., Lindley, P. A., Foster, J. and Marshall, L. (1990) Review of Psychometric Tests for Assessment in Vocational Training. Leicester: BPS Books.

Bauer, T. N. and Aimen-Smith, L. (1996) 'Green career choices: the influence of ecological stance on recruiting'. Journal of Business & Psychology, 10, 445-458.

Baxter, J. C, Brock, ., Hill, P. and Rozelle, R. M. (1981) 'Letters of recommendation: A question of value'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 296-301.

Bedford, T. (1988) 'Justifying the costs of assessment centres'. Guidance and Assessment Review, 4, 13.

Belbin, R. M. (1981) Management Teams: Why they Succeed or Fail. London: Heinemarm.

Ben-Shakhar, G. (1989) 'Non-conventional methods in personnel selection'. In: P. Hcrriot (ed.), Assessment and Selection in Organizations. Chichester: John Wiley.

Ben-Shakhar, G., Bar-Hillel, M., Bille, Y., Ben-Abba, E. and Flug, A. (1986) 'Can graphology predict occupational success? Two empirical

studies and some methodological ruminations'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 645-653.

Bentler, P. M. (1989) EOS Structural Equations Program Manual, Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.

Bethell-Fox, C. E. (1989) 'Psychological testing'. In: P. Herriot (ed.), Assessment and Selection in Organizations: Methods and Practice for Recruitment and Appraisal. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 307 - 330.

Bliesner, T. (1996) 'Methodological moderators in validating biographical data in personnel selection'. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 107 120.

Blum, M. L. and Naylor, J. (1968) fndustrial Psychology: Its Theoretical and Social Foundation. New York: Harper and Row.

Boara, R. and Sparrow, P. (1992) Designing and Achieving Competency. London: McGraw-Hill.

Boudreau, J. W. (1989) 'Selection Utility Analysis: A review and agenda for ftiture research'. In: J. M. Smith and I. T. Robertson (eds), Advances in Selection and Assessment. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 227 257.

Boudreau, J. W. and Rynes, S. L. (1985) 'Role of recruitment in staffing utility analysis'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 354 366.

Boyatzis, R. E. (1982) The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance. New York: John Wiley.

Brannick, M. ., Michaels, . . and Baker, D. P. (1989) 'Construct validity of in-basket scores'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 957-963.

Bretz, R. D. Jr. and Judge, T. A. (1998) 'Realistic job previews: a test of the adverse self-selection hypothesis'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 330-337.

Brinkman, J. A. (1983) 'Een klassifikatiesystem voor arbeids-analysemethoden'. (A classification system for job analyses methods). Technische Hogeschool, Eindhoven, Holland. Vakgroep Organisatie psychologie (Organizational Psychology Workgroup).

British Psychological Society (1993) Graphology in Personnel Assessment. Leicester: BPS.

British Psychological Society (1994) Level Standards in Occupational Testing. Steering Committee on Test Standards. Information Pack Leicester. BPS.

Brodt, S. E. (1990) 'Cognitive illusions and personnel management decisions'. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5. Chichester: John Wiley.

Burt, C. (1940) The Factors of Mind. London: University of London Press.

Cabrera, E. F. and Raju, N. S, (2001) 'Utility analysis: current trends and future directions'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 92-102.

Callinan, M. and Robertson, I. T. (2000) 'Work Sample Testing'. International Journal of Selection & Assessment, 8, 278 260.

Campion, J. E. (1972) 'Work sampling for personnel selection'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 40 44.

Campion, M. A., Pursell, E. D. and Brown, . . (1988) 'Structured interviewing: Raising the psychometric properties of the employment interview'. Personnel Psychology, 41, 25 42.

Cascio, W. F. and Phillips, N. F. (1979) 'Performance testing: Arose among thorns?'. Personnel Psychology, 322, 75166.

Civil Service Commission (1987) Review of Executive Officer Recruitment. London: HMSO.

Clapham, M. M. and Fulford, M. D. (1997) 'Age bias in assessment center ratings'. Journal of Managerial Issues, 9, 373 387.

Cleary, T. A. (1968) 'Test bias: Prediction of grades of negro and white students in integrated colleges'. Journal of Educational Measurement, 5, 115124.

Collins, J. C. and Porras, J. I. (1996) Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. London: Century Business Books.

Connerley, M. L. (1997) 'The influence of training on perceptions of recruiters' interpersonal skills and effectiveness'. Journal of Occupation and Organizational Psychology, 70, 259 272.

Conoley, J. and Kramer, J. J. (eds) (1989) The Tenth Mental Measurements Yearbook. Lincoln, Ncbr.: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.

Conway, J. M., Jako, R, A. and Goodman, D. F. (1995) 'A meta-analysis of interrater and internal consistency reliability of selection interviews'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 565 579.

Costa, P. T. and McCrae, R. R. (1985) Manual for the NEO Personality Inventory. Odessa, Fla.: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.

Cronbach, L. J. (1951) 'Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests'. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.

Cronbach, L. J. and Glesser, G. C. (1965) Psychological Tests and Personne Decisions. Urbana. University of Illinois Press.

Cronbach, L. J. and Meehl, P. E. (1955) 'Construct validity in psychological tests'. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281-302.

Cronshaw, S. F. (1997) 'Lo! The stimulus speaks: The insider's view on Whyte and Latham's "The Futility of Utility Analysis'". Personnel Psychology, 50, 611 -615.

Cureton, E. E. (1971) 'The stability coefficient'. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 31, 45 55.

Daniels, I. (2000) Recruitment. IPD Survey Report. London: CIPD.

De Witte, K. (1989) 'Recruiting and Advertising'. In: P. Herriot, Assessment and Selection in Organisations (Chichester: John Wiley).

Development Dimensions (1975) Catalogue of Assessment and Development Exercises. Pittsburgh: Development Dimension.

Dobson, P. (1989) 'Reference reports'. In: P. Herriot (ed.), Assessment and Selection in Organizations. Chichester: John Wiley.

Downs, S. (1968) 'Selecting the older trainee: A pilot study of train-ability tests'. National Institute of Industrial Psychology Bulletin, 19-26.

Downs, S. (1985) Testing Trainability. NFER-Nelson Personnel Library, Windsor.

Drakeley, R. J. (1989) 'Biographical Data'. In: P. Herriot (ed.), Assessment and Selection in Organizations: Methods and Practice for Recruitment and Appraisal. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 439-454.

Drakeley, R, Herriot, P. and Jones, A. (1988) 'Biogiaphical data, training success and turnover'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 145-152.

Driver, R. W, Buckley, M. R. and Frink, D. D. (1996) 'Should we write off graphology?'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 4, 78.

Drucker, P. (1986) The Frontiers of Management. New York: Dutton.

Dulewicz, V. (1989) 'Assessment centres as the route to competence'. Personnel Management, November, 56 59.

Edwards, A.G. and Armitage, R. (1992) 'An experiment to test the discriminating ability of graphologists'. Personality aud Individual Differences, 13, 69-74.

Eysenck, H. J. and Nias, D. . . (1982) Astrology: Science or Superstition? London: Temple Smith.

Fay, . . and Latham, G. P. (1982) 'Effects of training and rating scales on rating errors'. Personnel Psychology, 35, 105 116.

Feltham, R. 1989 Assessment centres. In: P. Herriot (ed.) Assessment and Selection in Organizatons: Methods and Practice for Recruitment and Appraisal. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 439 454.

Ferguson, E. and Cox, T. (1993) 'Exploratory factor analysis: A user's guide'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 1, 84-94.

Fine, S. A. and Wiley, W. W. (1977) An Introduction to Job Analysis. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

Finlay, W. and Coverdill, J. E. (2000) 'Risk, opportunism and structural holes: how headhunters manage clients and earn fees'. Work & Occupations, 27, 377-405.

Flanagan, J. C. (1954) 'The critical incident technique'. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 327 - 358.

Fletcher, C. (1991) 'Candidates' reactions to assessment centres and their outcomes: A longitudinal study'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64, 117- 127.

Francis-Smythe, J. and Smith, P. M. (1997) 'The psychological impact of assessment in a development center'. Human Relations, 50, 149167.

Franzee, V. (1996) 'Do your job-applicant tests make the grade?'. Personnel Journal, 75, 16.

Furnham, A., Steele, H. and Pendleton, D. (1993) 'A psychometric assessment of the Belbin Team-Role Self-Perception Inventory'. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66, 259 260.

Gatewood, R. D., Gowan, M. A. and Lautenschlager, G. J. (1993) 'Corporate image, recruitment image, and initial job choice decisions'. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 414 427.

Gaugler, B. and Thornton, G. C. (1989) 'Number of assessment center dimensions as a determinant of assessor accuracy'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 611 -618.

Gaugler, ., Rosenthal, D. ., Thornton, G. and Bentson, (1987) 'Meta-analysis of assessment center validity'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 493 - 511.

Gauquelin, M. (1978) Cosmic Influences on Human Behavior, 2nd edn. New York: AST.

Gauquelin, M. (1980) Spheres of Destiny. London: Dent.

Gauquelin, M, Gauquelin, F. and Eysenck, S. B. G. (1979) 'Personality and position of the planets at birth: An empirical study'. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 71 75.

Goltz, S. M. and Giannantonio, . . (1995) 'Recruiter friendliness and attraction to the job: The mediating role of inferences about the organization'. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 46, 109 118.

Gough, H. G. (1984) 'A managerial potential scale for the California Psychological Inventory'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 233-240.

Guerrier, Y. and Riley, M. (1992) 'Management assessment centres as a focus for change'. Personnel Review, 21, 24 31.

Guilford, J. P. and Fruchter, B. (1978) Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Harris, M. M. and Schaubroeck, J. (1988) 'A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings', Personnel Psychology, 41,43-62.

Hazer, J. T. and Highhouse, S. (1997) 'Factors influencing managers' reactions to utility analysis: Effects of SDy method, information frame, and focal intervention'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 104-112.

Heneman, R. L., Wexley, K. N. and Moore, M. L. (1987) 'Performance-rating accuracy: A critical review'. Journal of Business Review, 15,431-448.

Hennessy, J., Mabey, ., Warr, P. (1998) 'Assessment Centre Observation Procedures: An Experimental Comparison of Traditional, Checklist and Coding Methods'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 6, 222.

Hermelin, E. and Robertson, I. T. (2001) 'A critique and standardization of meta-analytic validity coefficients in personnel selection", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, 253-277.

Herriot, P. (1981) 'Towards an attributional theory of the selection interview', Journal of Occupational Psychology, 54, 165 173.

Herriot, P. (1989) Recruitment in the Nineties. London: IPM.

Herriot, P. and Rothwell, C. (1981) 'Organizational choice and decision theory. Effects of employers' literature and selection interview'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 54, 17 31.

Hesketh, B. and Robertson, I. T. (1993) 'Validating personnel selection: A process model for research and practice'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 1, 3 17.

Hill, S. (1991) 'How do you manage a flexible firm? The total quality model'. Work, Employment and Society, 5, 397 415.

Hogan, J., Hogan, R. and Busch, . . (1984) 'How to measure service orientation'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 167 173.

Hogan, J. and Quigley, A. M. (1986) 'Physical standards for employment and the courts'. American Psychologist, 41, 11931217.

Horn, R. (1991) 'MAILBOX: a computerized in-basket task for use in personnel selection'. European Review of Applied Psychology, 41, 325-328.

Hough, L. M., Eaton, N. K., Dunnette, M. D., Kamp, J. D. and McCloy, R. A. (1990) 'Criterion-related validities of personality constructs and the effects of response distortion on those validities'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 581 595.

Howard, G. S. and Dailey, P. R (1979) 'Response-shift bias: A source of contamination of self report measures'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 144-50.

Huffcutt, A. I. and Roth, P. L. (1998) 'Racial group differences in employment interview evaluations'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 179-189.

Hunter, J. E. and Hirsh, H. R. (1987) 'Applications of meta-analy-sis'. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 2. Chichester: John.Wiley.

Hunter, J. E. and Hunter, R, F. (1984) 'Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance'. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 72-98.

Hunter, J. E. and Schmidt, F. L. (1982) 'Fitting people to jobs: The impact of personnel selection on national productivity'. In: M. D.

Dunnette and E. A. Fleishman (eds), Human Performance and Productivity, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.

Hunter, J. E. and Schmidt, F. L. (1990) Methods of Meta-Analyses: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

lies, P. A. and Robertson, I. T. (1995) 'The impact of personnel selection and assessment procedures on candidates'. In: P. Herriot and N. Anderson (eds) Assessment and Selection in Organizations. Chichester: John Wiley.

Institute of Personnel Management (1994) Graphology Information Note. London: IPM.

Janz, T. (1989a) 'The patterned behaviour description interview: The best prophet of the future is the past'. In: R. W. Eder and G. R. Ferris (eds), The Employment Interview: Theory, Research and Practice, Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage, pp. 158-168.

Janz, T. (1989b) 'Case study on Utility: Utility to the rescue, a case of staffing program decision support'. In: J. M. Smith, and I. T. Robertson (eds), Advances in Selection and Assessment. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 269 - 272.

Jenkins, R. (1986) Racism and Recruitment: Managers, Organizations and Equal Opportunity in the Labour Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jeswald, T. A. (1977) 'Issues in establishing an assessment center'. In: J. L. Moses and W. C. Byham (eds), Applying the Assessment Center Method. New York: Pergamon.

Jones, A. (1988) 'A case study in utility analysis'. Guidance and Assessment Review, 4,3 6.

Jones, A. and Harrison, E. (1982) 'Prediction of performance in initial officer training using reference reports'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 55, 35 - 42.

Joreskog, K. G. and Sorbom, D. (1988) LISREL 7, A Guide to the Program and Application. Chicago: SPSS.

Kandola, R. S. (1989) 'Using job analysis as a basis for selection'. In: J. M. Smith and I. T. Robertson (eds), Advances in Selection and Assessment. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 43 45.

Kaplan, . ., Aamodt, M. G. and Wilk, D. (1991) 'The relationship between advertisement variables and applicant responses to newspa-

per recruitment advertisements'. Journal of Business & Psychology, 5, 383-395.

Kellet, D., Fletcher, S., Callen, A. and Geary, B. (1994) 'Fair testing: The case of British Rail'. The Psychologist: The Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, Jan., pp. 26 29.

Kelley, H. H. and Michela, J. L. (1980) 'Attribution theory and research'. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 457 501.

Klimoski, R. J. and Rafaeli, A. (1983) 'Inferring personal qualities through handwriting analyse', Journal of Occupational Psychology, 56, 191-202.

Kohn, M. L. and Schooler, C. (1982) 'Job conditions and personality: A longitudinal assessment of their reciprocal effects'. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 1257-1286.

Kuder, G. F. and Richardson, M. W. (1937) 'The theory of estimation of test reliability'. Psychometrika, 2, 151 160.

Latham, G. P. (1989) The reliability, validity and practicality of the situational interview'. In: R. W. Eder and G. R. Ferris. The Employment Interview: Theory, Research and Practice. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.

Latham, G. P. and Saari, L. M. (1984) 'Do people do what they say? Further studies on the situational interview'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 569-573.

Latham, G. P. and Wexley, K. N. (1977) 'Behavioural observation scales for performance appraisal purposes'. Personnel Psychology, 30, 255-268.

Latham, G. P. and Wexley, K. N. (1981) Increasing Productivity through Performance Appraisal. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

Latham, G. and Whyte, G. (1994) 'The futility of utility analysis'. Personnel Psychology, 47, 31 46.

Latham, V. M. and Leddy, P. M. (1987) 'Source of recruitment and employee attitudes: An analysis of job involvement, organizational commitment and job satisfaction'. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1,230 235.

Levine, E. L. (1983) Everything you Wanted to Know about Job Analysis. Tampa, Fla.: Mariner Publishing.

Lewis, C. (1985) Employee Selection. London: Hutchinson.

Lievens, F. (1999) 'Factors which Improve the Construct Validity of Assessment Centers: A Review'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 6, 141 152.

Locke, E. A. and Latham, G. P. (1990) A Theory of Goal-setting and Task Performance. London: Prentice-Hall.

London, M. and Hakel, M. (1974) 'Effects of applicant stereotype, order and information on interview impressions'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 157-162.

Love, K. G. (1981) 'Comparison of peer assessment methods: Reliability validity, friendship, and user reaction'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 451-457.

Lowry, P. E. (1994) 'The assessment center process: Assessing leadership in the public sector'. Public Personnel Management, 24, 443-450.

McCormick, E. J. (1976) 'Job and task analysis'. In: M. D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Rand- McNally.

McCormick, E. J., Jeaneret, P. R. and Mecham, R. (1972) 'A study of job characteristics and job dimensions based on the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 36, 347 - 368.

McDaniel, M. A, Whetzel, D. L, Schmidt, F. L. and Maurer, S. D. (1994) 'The validity of employment interviews: A comprehensive review and meta- analysis'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 599 616.

McLagan, P. A. (1997) 'Competencies: The next generation'. Training & Development, 51, 40 47.

McLeod, D. (1994) cited in 'Graphology in business'. Management Today, Oct.: p. 17.

McNeil, B. J., Pauker, S. G., Sox, H. Jr. and Tversky, A. (1988) 'On the elicitation of preferences for alternative therapies'. In: H. R. Arkes and K. R. Hammond (eds), Judgement and Decision Making: An Interdisciplinary Reader. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Management Charter Initiative (1990) Summary Report on Personal Competence Project. London: MCI.

Mathews, B. P. and Redman, T. (1998) 'Managerial Recruitment Advertisements Just How Market Orientated Are They?'. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 6, 240 248.

Mayo, J., White, O. and Eysenck, H. J. (1977) 'An empirical study of the relation between astrological factors and personality'. Journal of Social Psychology, 105, 229 - 236.

Merrit-Haston, R. and Wexley, K. N. (1983) 'Educational requirements: Legality and validity'. Personnel Psychology, 36, 743 753.

Michaels, E., Handfield-Jones, H. and Axelrod, B. (2001) The War for Talent. Harvard Business School Press.

Miller, S. (1984) Experimental Design and Statistics, (2nd edn), New Essential Psychology Series. London: Methuen.

, . . and Zeiss, A. M. (1982) 'Measuring self-efficacy expectations for social skills: A methodological enquiry'. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6,191 - 205.

Moorman, R. H. and Podsakoff, P. M. (1992) 'A meta-analytic review and empirical test of the potential confounding effects of social desirability response sets in organizational behaviour research'. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology, 65, 131-149.

Mosel, J. N. and Goheen, H. W. (1982) 'Agreement among replies to an employment recommendation questionnaire'. American Psychologist, 7, 365 366.

Mosier, C. I. (1947) 'A critical examination of the concepts of face validity'. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 7, 191205.

Muchinsky, P. M. (1979) 'The use of reference reports in personnel selection: A review and evaluation'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 287-297.

Mumford, M. D., Stokes, G. S., Owens, W. A. and Sparks, . . (1991) 'Development determinants of individual action: Theory and practice in the application of background data measures'. In: M. D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, (2nd edn). Orlando, Fla.: Consulting Psychologist Press.

Murphy, K. R (1988) 'Psychological measurement: Abilities and skills'. In C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 3. Chichester: John Wiley.

Neiner, A. G. and Owens, W. A. (1982) 'Relationships between two sets of biodata with 7 years separation'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 146-50.

Nelson, J. B. (1997) 'The boundaryless organization: Implications for job analysis, recruitment and selection'. HR. Human Resource Planning, 20, 39-49.

Newell, S. (2002). Creating the Healthy Organization: Well-being, diversity and ethics at work. London: Thomson Learning.

Nisbett, R, E. and Ross, L. (1980) Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

North, D. (1994) 'Using educational qualifications to discriminate between people: Is it safe?'. Paper presented at the Annual British Psychological Society, Occupational Psychology Conference, Birmingham, Jan. 3 5.

Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C. and Schmidt, F. L. (1993) 'Comprehensive meta-analysis of integrity test validities: Findings and implications for personnel selection and theories of job performance'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 679 703.

Paulhaus, D. L. (1989) 'Socially desirable responding: Some new solutions to old problems'. In: D. M. Buss and N. Cantor (eds), Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions. New York: Springer.

Payne, ., Anderson, N. and Smith, T. (1992) 'Assessment centres, selection systems and cost-effectiveness: An evaluative case study'. Personnel Review, 21, 48 56.

Penney, G., and Lazzarini, A. J. (1979) Data-Processing Staff Selection A Validation Study. Manchester: NCC.

Phillips, J. M. (1998) 'Effects of realistic job preview on multiple organizational outcomes: a meta-analysis'. Academy of Management Journal, 41,673-690.

Purcell, K. and Purcell, J. (1988). In-sourcing, outsourcing and the growth of contingent labour evidence of flexible employment strategies. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 7, 39 59.

Pursell, E. D., Dossett, D. L. and Latham, G. P. (1980) 'Obtaining valid predictors by minimizing rating errors'. Personnel Psychology, 33, 91-96.

Reilly, R. R. and Chao, G. T. (1982) 'Validity and fairness of some alternative employee selection, procedures'. Personnel Psychology, 35, 162.

Robertson, I. T. (1993) 'Personality assessment and personnel selection'. European Review of Applied Psychology, 43, 187 194.

Robertson, I. T. (1994) 'Personality and personnel selection'. In: C. L. Cooper and D. M. Rousseau (eds), Trends in Organizational Behaviour. Chichester: John Wiley.

Robertson, I. T. and Downs, S. (1989) 'Work sample tests of train-ability: A meta-analysis'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 402 410.

Robertson, I. ., Gratton, L. and Sharpley, D. (1987) 'The psychometric properties and design of assessment centres: Dimensions into exercises won't go'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 187 195.

Robertson, I. ., Gratton, L. and Rout, U. (1990) The validity of sit-uational inter-views for administrative jobs'. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 11, 69 76.

Robertson, I. ., lies, P. A., Gratton, L. and Sharpley, D. (1991) 'The impact of personnel selection and assessment methods on candidates'. Human Relations, 44, 963-982.

Robertson, I. T. and Kandola, R, S. (1982) 'Work sample tests: Validity, adverse impact and applicant reaction'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 55, 171 183.

Robertson, I. T. and Kinder, A. (1993) 'Personality and job competencies: The criterion-related validity of some personality variables'. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66, 225 244.

Robertson, I. T. and Makin, P. J. (1986) 'Management selection in Britain: A survey and critigue'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 59,49-57.

Robertson, I. T. and Sadri, G. (1993) 'Managerial self-efficacy and managerial performance'. British Journal of Management, 4, 37 45.

Robertson, I. T. and Smith, M. (2001) 'Personnel Selection'. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, 441 472.

Roe, R. A. (1984) 'Advances in performance modelling: The case of validity generalisation'. Paper presented at the symposium 'Advances in Testing'. Acapulco, Mexico, Sept. 6.

Roe, R. A. (1989) 'Designing selection procedures'. In: P. Herriot (ed.), Assessment and Selection in Organizations: Methods and Practice for Recruitment and Appraisal. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 127-142.

Roe, R. A. and Grueter, M. J. M. (1989) 'Developments in personnel selection methodology'. In: R. K. Hambleton and J. Zaal (eds), Advances in Testing. Deventer: Kluwer.

Ross, L. and Anderson, C. (1982) 'Shortcomings in the attribution process: On the origins and maintenance of erroneous social assessments'. In: D. Kahneman, P. Slovic and A. Tversky (eds), Judgment

under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sackett, P. R. and Dreher, F. F. (1982) 'Constructs and assessment centre dimensions: Some troubling empirical findings'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 401 -410.

Sadri, G. and Robertson, I. T. (1993) 'Self-efficacy and work-related behaviour: A review and meta-analysis'. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 42,139- 152.

Saks, A. M. (1994) 'A psychological process investigation for the effects of recruitment source and organization information on job survival'. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 225 224.

Salgado, J. F. (1998) 'Big five personality dimensions and job performance in army and civil occupations: a European perspective'. Human Performance, 11, 271 - 288.

Salgado, J. F. (1999) 'Personnel Selection Methods.' In: L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1999. Chichester: John Wiley.

Saville and Holdsworth Ltd (1985) Occupational Personality Questionnaire Manual (updated in 1990). Esher, Surrey: Saville and Holdsworth.

Saville and Holdsworth Ltd (1988) WPS Manual (updated 1995). Esher, Surrey: Saville and Holdsworth.

Schmidt, F. L. and Hunter, J. E. (1998) 'The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings'. Psychological Bulletin, 124,262-274.

Schmitt, N. and Coyle, B. W. (1976) 'Applicant decisions in the employment interview'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 184 192.

Schmitt, N.. Gooding, R. Z., Noe, R. A. and Kirsch, M. (1984) 'Meta-analyses of validity studies published between 1964 and 1982 and the investigation of study characteristics'. Personnel Psychology, 37, 407 -422.

Schmitt, N. and Noe, R. A. (1986) 'Personnel selection and equal employment opportunity. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1986. Chichester: John Wiley.

Schmitt, N. and Ostroff, (1986) 'Operationalizing the "behavioral consistency" approach: Selection test development based on a content-oriented strategy'. Personnel Psychology, 39, 91 108.

Schuler, H. and Funke, U. (1989) 'The interview as a multimodal procedure'. In: R. W. Eder and G. R. Ferris (eds), The Employment Interview: Theory, Research and Practice. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage, pp. 183-192.

Schuler, H. and Moser, K. (1995) 'The validity of the multimodal interview'. German Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 39, 2-12. (In German).

Schuler, H., Funke, U., Moser, K. and Donat, M. (In press) Personnel Selection in R & D: Aptitudes and Performance of Scientists and Engineers. Gottingen: Hogrefe. (In German).

Schwab, D., Heneman, H. G. and DeCottis, T. A. (1975) 'Behaviorally anchored rating scales: A review of the literature'. Personnel Psychology, 28, 549 - 562.

Scribner, S. (1986) 'Thinking in action: Some characteristics of practical thought'. In: R. J. Sternberg and R. K. Wagner, Practical Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shackleton, V. J. and Newell, S. (1991) 'A comparative survey of methods used in top British and French companies'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64, 23 36.

Smith, J. M. and Abrahamsen, M. (1992) 'Patterns of selection in six countries'. The Psychologist: Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 5, 205-207.

Smith, J. M. and Robertson, I. T. (1993a) The Theory and Practice of Systematic Personnel Selection, (2nd edn). Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Smith, J. M. and Robertson, I. T. (1993b) Systematic personnel selection. London: Macmillan.

Smith, P. L. and Kendall, L. M. (1963) 'Retranslation of expectations: An approach to the construction of unambiguous anchors for rating scales'. Journal of Applied Psychology, 47, 149155.

Spearman, C. (1927) The Abilities of Man. London: Macmillan.

Spector, P. E., Brannick, M. T. and Coovert, M. D. (1989) 'Job analysis'. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 7 Chichester: John Wiley.

Squires, P., Torkel, S. J., Smither, J. W. and Ingate, M. R. (1991) 'Validity and generalizability of a role-play test to select telemarketing representatives'. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64, 37 47.

Stahl, M. J. (1983) 'Achievement, power and managerial motivation: Selecting managerial talent with the job choice exercise'. Personnel Psychology, 36, 775 789.

Steiner, D. D. and Gllliland, S. W. (2001) 'Procedural Justice in Personnel Selection: International and Cross-Cultural Perspectives' International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 124 137.

Sternberg, R. J. and Wagner, R. K. (1986) Practical Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stevens, . . (1998) 'Antecedents of interview interactions, interviewers' ratings, and applicants' reactions'. Personnel Psychology, 51, 55 85.

Stewart, G. L. and Carson, K. P. (1997) 'Moving beyond the mechanistic model: An alternative approach to staffing for contemporary organizations'. Human Resource Management Review, 7, 157 184.

Stewart, R. (1967) Managers and their Jobs. London: Macmillan.

Stokes, G. S. and Reddy, S. (1992) 'The use of background data in organizational decisions'. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 7. London: John Wiley, pp. 285-322.

Stokes, G. S., Hogan, J. B. and Snell, A. F. (1993) 'Comparability of incumbent and applicant samples for the development of biodata keys: The influence of social desirability'. Personnel Psychology, 46, 739 762.

Taylor, S. G. (1994) 'The relationship between sources of new employees and attitudes toward the job'. Journal of Social Psychology, 134,99-110.

Tett, R. P. (1999) 'Assessment center-validity: New perspectives on an old problem'. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, GA.

Tett, R. P., Jacks





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 319 |


:

:

- , .
==> ...

1558 - | 1367 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.355 .