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. .
(Elliot Brownlee), . (Federal Taxation in America: A Short History), , , , . . (Joseph Thorndike), Tax Analysts, , . , - .
. 1791 1802 , , , , , , .
(1812 ). , , , , ( ). 1817 .
1862 . , . , , , . , . . , $600 $10 . , 3%, 46%. , 1866 $310 . . 1911 .
1868 . . , 1894 , . , , : -, , -, .
1913 . 16- , . , , . . 1918 , $1 .
1932 . . . 55%, 14%. : , , . , .
, . 1935 , $500 ., 75%- . . , , , . , . 1937 , .
, . 1930- (John Maynard Keynes). , , , . , , .
96%. , : , , , 5.01% . . , . 1943 , . . 1939 3.9 . , $2.2 ., 1945 42.6 . ($35.1 .). (I Paid My Income Tax Today).
, . 1948 . 1950 , , .
1961 . (18551937), . , ( : Taxation: The People's Business) . , . , , . , , , , , .
1961 , , 2030%. 70%, 91%. 1963 . , . : ( , , ) , . : 3.74%, . , .
1968 , . . , , . . .
1971 1975 , . . 1978 , , . , .
1986 . , 23% ( 1916 ). 15%, 28% 33%. , , , , . . , 40 . . , .
1990 - . : - , . , , : . . .
1993 . , . , . , $115 . $250 . 31% 36%. , .
1999 . , , 1999 20% 49% 59% , . 20% 78% , .
2001 - ( ). $1.3 . . , . , 10%. , , : 28% 25%, 31% 28%, 36% 33% 39.6% 35%. 2003 15%.
, 2004 . 2005 2006- , , .



, .
( 2006 ), 2001 $345 . , . $197 . , $88 . . , ( ) $2 680.
, , - . . (Carolyn Webber) (Aaron Wildavsky), (History of Taxation and Expenditure in the Western World), , : , , , 18 , .
, Cato Institute , . 86% , 2001 . , 86% , 2006 81% , . , 1% , 4% .
, . 2003 " (Shadow Economies Around the World: Size, Causes, and Consequences), Friedrich Schneider ( ) Dominik Enste (). 76- . , , , , - .
, 1990- . 12% , ( ) 23%, 23%, 8%. , , . , , , : , , , , , .
, (OECD), 2005 , , , 4 17.5% , .
ato Institute , . , , . (, , , , .), , , . 2006 (Joint Committee on Taxation) : , , .
, ( IRS Research Bulletin), , . , , $500 ., 97.1% , , $510 . , 78.7% . , : , , (, , ) , .
, . 2001 , 2006 . , , . 2007 ( Zogby International) , 25% , . , (2540 ), .
. , , , , 10% .
2006 , (, 40 . ). . , . . , -, , .
. , - . , 1960- , , , . , : , . . , 2001 , , . , , , , , , , , .
. , 1997 (Bruno Frey) Economic Journal , , , , , . , , .
, , . (Henry David Thoreau), . (War Resisters League), . , (Joan Baez) (Noam Chomsky). 1990- , ( 500 ) .
(Joel Stemrod), -, : , . , . , , , : . , .


.
(Bureau of Economic Analysis), 2006 77 , 39 , , , . , .
, , 62 , 52 , 30 , 30 , 22 , , .. 14 .
, , , , . (Office of Management and Budget), (, , - , ).
, . 35%, . : , 2004 0.1% , 9.1% , , 17.4%, , . , 5% , 33.4% , 57.1% . , 50% , 13.4% , 3.3% .
1984 26.3 . , 1995 40.5 ., 2005- 54.8 ., 2006 66.5 . ( CCH). , 1913 400 . : $3 ., 1%, $500 . 6%. , ( ) 773 ., 8 .
1990 (Internal Revenue Service) 402 , ( ) . 2002 526-, 2006 582-. 8 . , 28 . , , , 300 . .
Money Magazine, 1995 ( ) . 2005 61%. (, , , .) 3 . ( 300 . ).
1995 5.3 . , 2005 6.4 . , . 2005 $265.1 . , $1 , 22 .
114 . . , , , .
Urban Institute , (, ), .
32 . . .
. , . , , , .
General Accounting Office, , , 1 138 , , .
, . , (, ) , (, ), (, , , ) .
, 1955 $4.9 . ( ) 9.06% . 1965 $7.8 ., 11.55%. 1975 , , $15.9 . 20.03%, 1985 $32.8 . 24.44%, 1995 $49.8 . 24.58%, 2003 ( ) $63.28 . 22.01%.
, . Tax Foundation, 6.58% ( ) 13.51% ( ) 10.61%. - ( , ) ( , $13 . ), - ($11.4 .), ($11.38 .), ($9.9 .) - ($9.89 .). ( $5 .). , , , -. , , , . , 37- ( 50-), - 48-, 36-.
Harris Interactive . , 2006 , : 59% , , 30% - , 1% . ( , ) ( 31% ), (25%) ( 14%). , , (39%), (20%) (18%). , 80% , .
, . $13 ., , , , $10 . .
(Daron Acemoglu) (James Robinson), (Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy), , , , . , , : . , . , , , .
. . ( ), ? ( ) , ( , , 19201930- ).

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