: . . , . .
. 1
2005 . . . *, . . **
* , ,
** ,
(TCI) (n = 237). , () . 140 , 6 18 . TCI-140 (n = 694) . (), () (); , (), () ().
: , , TCI, TCI-140, , , , , .
. , , : .
MMPI, -, ., , . , . .
( . dimension - ) , "". . , . , . () .
.
, . , . [1], () ; , , - 8 .
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[1] , " ". . , - .
" ". . . [8] . 2,
1 N 03 - 06 - 80106-.
2 , www.ipip.ori.org.
. 77
. " " , , . , " " . . [4].
, .
, . , . , . [1], . . [8], . . [4] ., , a posteriori. , , , . . , R. Cloninger [6, 7], A. Laengle [11], , , a priori.
, , , , .
, . . , "", .. , , , , , . " ", , . , . , , : , [2].
. , (The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) [7]).
. (TCI)
TCI . : , ; , ; .
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, , : () - Novelty Seeking, () - Harm Avoidance () - Reward Dependence [6, 7].
, . , " " "- " [2]. [2, 6, 10, 12, 13]. , [6], . [12] . , . , , . , , , (, ).
. "/" , - (), .
. , , , DSM-IV. , , ,
. 78
1. *
DSM-IV | ||||
"" + "" | ||||
"" | ||||
"" + "" | - | |||
"" + "" | ||||
"" | ||||
"" | ||||
"" + "" | - |
[10].
, . , , .
|
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8 , , , ( . 1 [7, . 32]).
DSM-IV . () () "" , () "" , "" [6, 7, 13]. . [5], TCI 0.68, 0.76 0.80; TCI 64% .
- , 3 , , , -, " " [6];
* "" - ;
* "" - ;
* "" - .
. , "", , [6, 7].
TCI .
2002 2004 :
1- : 1) (240 ) ; 2) ; 3) .
2- : 1) TCI-140; 2) .
. 1996 . , . .
. -
. 79
2. - , Cloninger . [7]
- (Novelty Seeking) | .78 | .74 |
- (Harm Avoidance) | .87 | .62 |
- (Reward Dependence) | .76 | .60 |
- (Persistence)* | .65 | .45 |
- (Self-Directedness) | .86 | .79 |
- (Cooperativeness) | .89 | .75 |
- (Self-Transcendence) | .84 | .84 |
1 - (Exploratory Excitability) | .60 | .55 |
2 - (Impulsiveness) | .62 | .68 |
3 - (Extravagance)** | .71 | .61 |
4 - (Disorderliness) | .54 | .27 |
1 - (Anticipatory Worry) | .71 | .69 |
2 - (Fear of Uncertainty) | .69 | .56 |
3 - (Shyness) | .76 | .70 |
4 - (Fatigability and Asthenia) | .72 | .84 |
1 - (Sentimentality) | .62 | .58 |
2 - (Attachment) | .72 | .64 |
3 - (Dependence) | .57 | .36 |
1 - (Responsibility) | .70 | .72 |
2 - (Purposeful) | .58 | .66 |
3 - (Resourcefulness) | .57 | .42 |
4 - (Self-Acceptance) | .75 | .74 |
5 - (Congruent Second Nature) | .75 | .72 |
K1 - (Social Acceptance) | .64 | .65 |
K2 - (Empathy) | .47 | .43 |
K3 - (Helpfulness) | .63 | .49 |
K4 - (Compassion) | .86 | .77 |
K5 - (PureHearted) | .65 | .41 |
1 - (Self-Forgetful) | .73 | .69 |
2 - (Transpersonal Identification) | .72 | .68 |
3 - (Spiritual Acceptance) | .74 | .74 |
* , .
|
|
** , .
, , . [3, . 306 - 317]. , , (. . 2), - .
. 237 ., (: = 32 , = 17, = 78) 3, :
1) ( ) (n = 42; : = 20, = 17, = 32);
2) (n = 60; : = 25, = 22, = 50);
3) , -
3 , . . (n = 50), (n = 85).
. 80
(n = 50; : = 37, = 22, = = 63);
4) () (n = 85; : = 62, = 52, = 78).
694 , , 17 - 78 (: = 35, = 17, = 78), 278 (40% ), 416 (60% ).
:
1) (n = 248, : = 25, = 17, = 46);
2) , , : , , , , . (n = 286; : = 31, = 18, = 67);
3) (n = 160) ( 2 - 3 ) (n = 20; : = 53, = 40, = 66).
I . (. . 2). - , , . , .
. [7, . 88], - . . 2 -, . , -, 0.5 . , "" .
|
|
(TCI-140) , (- > 0.5), , . , - , , , ; . ; (r = 0.89, n = 237, p < 0.05).
II . , Varimax . 6 61% , 1 - 4 Scree- , 1. . 3.
:
1, 19% , (). (1) (1) , .
2 13% (), : . . . , [9].
3 11% ; (2) (5), (2). . "".
4, 9% , (). , (4), , , . -
. 81
3. , TCI-140
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
1* | -0.50 | 0.37 | -0.23 | -0.14 | -0.30 | 0.29 |
2 | -0.10 | 0.07 | -0.75 | -0.10 | 0.25 | 0.09 |
3 | -0.15 | 0.00 | -0.22 | 0.05 | 0.78 | 0.17 |
1 | 0.74 | -0.05 | -0.15 | -0.02 | -0.12 | 0.11 |
2 | 0.74 | -0.09 | -0.04 | -0.05 | 0.15 | -0.03 |
3 | 0.64 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.05 | -0.12 | -0.24 |
4 | 0.68 | -0.05 | -0.16 | 0.09 | -0.20 | 0.15 |
1 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.24 | 0.14 |
2 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.92 |
1 | -0.20 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.70 | 0.23 | -0.06 |
4 | -0.02 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.82 | -0.01 | 0.07 |
1 | -0.57 | -0.08 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
2 | -0.33 | 0.07 | 0.69 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.11 |
4 | 0.02 | -0.43 | 0.01 | 0.62 | -0.29 | -0.01 |
5 | -0.36 | -0.01 | 0.75 | 0.12 | 0.02 | -0.03 |
1 | -0.07 | 0.75 | -0.01 | -0.19 | -0.10 | -0.02 |
2 | -0.07 | 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.07 | -0.10 | -0.04 |
3 | -0.03 | 0.67 | -0.03 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.06 |
. * . . 2; ≥ 0.50.
[6, 7].
5, 5% , (3), .
6 5% . (2), .
(), () (). (1 3) 5. , , , 20 - 25 .
(. 3), ( (1) = -0.30). , . , .
, (r = 0.12). , , , 377 [7, . 96]. (2) , (1) (3), , , . , .
, (), , , , . , - , .
. .
. 4, ,
. 82
4. TCI-140
() | -0.18** | 0.13* | -0.09* | -0.20** | 0.18** | -0.26** |
() | 0.11* | -0.15** | -0.37** | -0.11* | 0.20** | |
() | 0.21** | 0.19** | ||||
() | 0.37** | 0.27** | ||||
() | -0.12* | 0.10* | ||||
() | -0.14* |
* p < 0.01 (r , n = 694).
** p < 0.0001.
. , .
, , , , [7]. , , .
, . , .
, . , [7, . 89].
( 700 .), . - - . , , ; ; . . , .
:
1) (TCI-140), .
2) , .
3) , .
(TCI) 240 , 7 (4 3 ). 6 (3 3 ) 18 , (TCI-140), . .
(). 3 :
1 vs. . , , , . ("
. 83
, ".)
2 vs. . , , . (" - , , ".) , , .