.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Developmental and cross-cultural differences in the Coping Strategies




26, 2, 2005

:

. .  
- . .  
: "" . . , . . , . .  
. .  
. . , . .  
. .  
. .  
( 2) . . , . .  
. .  
: - . . , . .  
, ,
" , " ( . . ) . .  

. 1

100- . .
"" . .  
XXVIII . .  
. . " " . .  
. . ": - " . .  
 
* * *
[- ]    

. 2

!

:

. . . . " ", N 6, 25, 2004 , . 73 " " N 20 . : . . . . // . . 2003. . 24. N 3. . 13 - 21.

. 2

.

: . .

.

, , . . ,

, , . (ACS - -). 14 - 19 (1137 ) . .

: , () , , , .

, , , , - (coping) . [3, 5]. , - . .

"", " ", , , (., , [1, 2, 8 - 11, 15]). , - , , , , , , , . , . . , ( ) , , - . , , , , . . , .

, , , , . .

- . , , , [20]. : . (. , . , . ), , - , . " ()", 50 . , :

. 5

- , [20, . 491].

- , - , , . , . , , - "" "" - . , , -, [1, 20].

. . - "" 70 - 90- XX - . , . (11 13) . - , , , (. 21 [20, . 491 - 496]).

. - . , . . , . "" -. , , , , . , , -. , "-" (r = 0.33 - 0.55) " " (r = 0.39 - 0.43), , - [20, . 44 - 64].

, - , ( -), .

(., , [17 - 19, 21]). . . [22]. [18]. , ; , - , - [21, . 110]. , , (. [22, . 279]). [17, 18]. , "" , , . , , . , . , - [20, . 452- 483].

, , , . [3] . ,

. 6

, .

- () 14 - 19 ( ), . , : 1. (), . 2. , ( ) . 3. ( ) , ( ).

1137 - , , ( 268 / 869 /) 14 19 . 2002 . ACS - Adolescent Coping Scale ( -, ) [6] E. Frydenberg, R. Lewis [19]. , , 80 . 79 18 , -, , , . , 80- , , , . . , . , . - . 10 - 14 . ( 1 - " " 5 - " , ").

18 : 1) (: , , , , ); 2) (: , , (), , , , , , ) 3) - ( ): , , , , . . , [14].

, , : , -, α = 0.46 - 0.86. ACS: α = 0.54 - 0.84 (. α = 0.71). , : α = 0.86 ( SD = 22.7). , 0.65 [15; 18, . 125 - 126]. (40 39 ) (0.85). 79 (r = 0.14), , . : r = 0.47 - 0.82. : r = 0.66 p < 0.01. ACS r = 0.49 - 0.82 (. r = 0.68) r = 0.44 - 0.84 (. r = 0.67) . , 14 - 19 .

Statistica 6.0. t - .

, , , (. 1). , "", . -

. 7

1. 15 - 19 : n = 216, - 436 ( )

N () , 1- "", , 2- "",
1. (, , )      
2.     -
3.      
4. ( )      
5.      
6. (, ) - -  
7. , (, )      
8. : ,      
9. ( ; )      

, () : , , .

" ". . -; . , , , [7].

"", . , , , : [12]. :

1. ( )

2.

3. /

4. /

5. /

6. /,

7.

8. /

9. ,

10. , (, )

11. -

12. /

13. ,

14.

15. () ,

16. ,

17. ()

18.

19.

20. , /

, , , . , , , . , , , . , , ( 1). ( ), , , - . . (1989), , 12 - 14- (, ); 15 - 17- - , ( ); (, ) 18 - 20 [16].

- ("") -. M = 1.51; SD =

. 8

= 0.73 ( ) M = 4.73; SD = 0.98 ( ) . : , , , . ( ): , , . 1137 : 1. ( , ) - M = = 15.06. 2. ( ) - M = 13.10. 3. () - M = 10.06.

, , . [13, 18].

, 80- (n = 500), 448 , . , 18 , . . ( ) : - 88, , - 53, - 47, - 30, - 27, - 27, - 25, - 20, - 18, - 17, - 16 .. , , , , : " ; ; , ; , ; , ; ", (, ), , , , , , , , .

, (49% ) , , : " ", " , ", " ". .

-: , [9]. , 14 - 19 : - - 270 (60.4%); - - 102 (22.8%); - - 76 (16.8%), .

-, , , ( , ) 10 ( 18). , (2 4), (3 5), (5 9) . p = 0.01. : , "" , .

() ( ) ( , , ) (, ) ( p = 0.001). 5 ( 18), , , . (, , ) (. . 2).

19 ( 18 ), 61% . (-), ( 3 ), ( 0.50 0.81) 65% . , . : (4 ), (5 ) (9 ), . . : 3, 6; - 1,4; -

. 9

2. (868 .) (268 .) -

() SD () SD t p n n
*** 16.77 12.88 14.49 14.08 9.94      
* 19.03 9.66 18.60 12.17   0.01    
18.29 9.46 18.06 10.75 1.40 0.162    
*** 18.08 12.88 17.12 13.79 4.21 0.001    
** 16.74 13.63 16.00 14.81 3.07 0.002    
* 16.85 11.59 16.34 12.46 2.51 0.01    
*** 16.48 15.14 15.10 15.36 5.20      
* 10.96 11.89 10.50 11.44 2.20 0.02    
*** 11.12 12.89 10.10 12.05 4.57 0.001    
*** 7.38 13.01 8.06 15.44 -3.57 0.001    
*** 9.08 12.86 9.85 14.67 -4.14 0.001    
** 12.71 16.30 12.10 16.68 2.68 0.01    
*** 10.28 14.36 11.03 13.48 -3.81 0.001    
*** 10.55 18.01 8.63 17.62 7.69      
13.03 11.04 12.80 12.36 1.45 0.146    
*** 8.20 15.01 8.96 15.35 -3.63 0.001    
9.96 14.50 9.86 14.89 0.68 0.497    
*** 8.36 18.39 10.08 20.64 -9.08      

. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. , .

- 2 5. - , , ( 2). .

1. , 3 , , ( ), 6 ( , ) .

2. (1 4), , ( 1-) ( 4-).

3. 2, ( , , , ).

4. , 5, , .

, "" . , , . , , . ( ), , . , , " ", . , " ", , . , , . , .

, , ,

. 10

3. - (n = 216) : . 1 - 14 - 16 , n = 108 .; . 2 - 17 - 19 , n = 109 .

. 1 SD . 2 SD t p n n
14.34 14.38 14.51 13.81 -0.36 0.721    
*** 17.74 12.99 19.35 10.84 -3.96 0.001    
18.00 11.23 18.11 10.20 -0.30 0.763    
17.19 14.70 17.27 13.66 -0.15 0.882    
** 16.76 13.98 15.47 15.34 2.59 0.01    
16.73 12.19 16.03 11.83 1.73 0.085    
** 15.93 14.06 14.54 16.91 2.62 0.01    
*** 11.27 11.07 9.59 11.22 4.44 0.001    
10.19 12.66 9.92 11.66 0.65 0.517    
7.96 16.58 8.00 14.37 -0.09 0.929    
*** 10.93 14.77 8.84 13.93 5.34      
11.74 15.99 12.50 17.25 -1.67 0.096    
10.74 12.98 11.26 15.04 -1.35 0.177    
** 9.47 18.63 8.28 16.51 2.49 0.01    
12.88 12.84 12.71 12.59 0.50 0.616    
8.86 15.60 9.29 15.59 -1.02 0.308    
9.97 15.05 9.90 14.97 0.25 0.802    
* 10.51 20.06 9.67 20.59 2.13 0.03    

. * p ≤ 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. , .

. -, , ( ). , . , , - , [18, 20]. (, ). , , , , , , , (). , , , , .

("") 1- ( , - 4- , - 5- , - 6- ) . , (, , , , ) (, , ).

(). 14 - 16- 15 - 19- / (. 3) / (. 4). "" "" .

. (p = 0.001), , , ( ) (-

. 11

4. - (n = 811) : . 1 - 14 - 16 , n = 208 .; . 2 - 17 - 19 , n = 603 .

. 1 SD . 2 SD t p n n
16.44 14.01 16.93 12.44 -1.89 0.057    
*** 18.60 10.39 19.22 9.10 -3.26 0.001    
18.38 9.61 18.30 9.21 0.49 0.633    
18.04 14.63 18.17 12.16 -0.50 0.626    
16.82 16.03 16.75 12.64 0.24 0.809    
* 17.22 12.17 16.70 11.37 2.25 0.02    
16.26 15.43 16.59 14.50 -1.09 0.276    
* 10.53 11.79 11.04 11.81 -2.15 0.03    
*** 10.42 12.73 11.30 12.59 -3.47 0.001    
7.12 12.67 7.47 12.71 -1.69 0.090    
9.26 13.43 8.96 12.76 1.45 0.146    
*** 11.66 17.40 13.03 15.59 -5.28      
10.27 14.94 10.29 14.13 -0.09 0.927    
** 9.92 17.49 10.77 17.89 -2.96 0.003    
12.88 11.13 13.13 10.97 -1.41 0.159    
** 7.73 15.40 8.39 14.83 -2.73 0.01    
9.80 15.81 10.04 13.98 -1.43 0.151    
** 8.79 21.38 8.24 17.04 2.61 0.01    

. * p ≤ 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. , .

) - p = 0.01. : (p = 0.001), (p = 0.001), (p = = 0.001) (p = 0.03).

(M = 19.22 - , ) p = 0.001, (p = 0.003), , ( ) p = 0.01. : (p = 0.03) (p < 0.001). (p = 0.01), . ; (). (p = 0.01), , , ( - , ). , . , , , .

14 - 19 , , : (1137 .) , , ( - 268 .); (511 .) - (374 .) [6, 21, 23]. , 1- , . .

1. "" , : , , , , : , , , . - - , (M = 18.93; SD = 2.44). ,

. 12

. , - , .

2. ( , , , ) . - , , . - , , .

3. (374 - ) . , , : M = 19.0; SD = 2.9, . - (, , ) (, , ).

4. , . , . : ; - . , : ; , ; , .

, . ( 18 ), - .

, , , , , :

- ;

- ;

, - ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- ;

- .

, , , . , ( 17) , -, ( ). , . - , . , (, ) - , , .

, , , , , , ( "") - .

( ), - .

, , - . , , -

. 13

, , , ("honorowy"), . , , .

(), , , , .

, , ( , , " " ..).

1. , , , , .

2. - . , , . , . . - .

3. " -", , 14 - 19 . , , .

4. .

5. ( , ) ( ) . (), , , , .

6. (). , ( 14 19 ) : , , , . - , ( ). .

7. ( ) . ( ), .

1. . . : , // . . 1994. . 15. N 1. . 3 - 18.

2. . . : . .: , 2000.

3. . . . .: , 2003.

4. . . . : , 1998.

5. . . // . . 2003. . 24. N 2. . 95 - 105.

6. . . () ACS ( -) // - : / . . . . , 2002. . 144 - 146.

7. . . () // / . . . . : - -, 2000. . 98 - 100.

8. . . () // : . / . . . . . : - . . . , 2001. . 70 - 82.

. 14

9. . ., . . . .: , 2000.

10. . . : , , // . 1999. . 1. . 157 - 173.

11. . . - : .... . . . - .: . . . , 1994.

12. . // . .: , 1978.

13. ., . . .: , 2001.

14. . . : .... . . . , 2002.

15. . . - : . .... . . . ., 1995.

16. Compass B.E., Phares V., Ledoux N. Stress and coping preventive interventions for children and adolescents //

Primary Prevention and Promotion in the Schools / Eds. L.A. Bond and B.E. Compass. Newbury Park, C.A.: Sage, 1989. P. 319 - 340.

17. Frydenberg E., Lewis R. Adolescent Coping Styles and Strategies // Australian J. of Guidance and Counseling. 1991. V. 1. P. 35 - 43.

18. Frydenberg E. Adolescent Coping. Theoretical and Research Perspectives. L. -N.Y.: Routhledge, 1997.

19. Frydenberg E., Lewi R. Adolescent Coping Scale: Manual. Melbourne: ACER Press, 1993.

20. Handbook of Coping: Theory. Research. Applications / Ed. by M. Zeidner, N. Endler. N.Y., 1996.

21. Parsons A., Frydenberg E., Poole Ch. Overachievement and Coping Strategies in Adolescent Males // British J. of Educational Psychology. 1996. V. 66. P. 109 - 114.

22. Seiffge-Krenke I. Stress, Coping, and Relationships in Adolescence. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass. Inc. Publishers, 1995.

23. Zabielski S., Tumiel E. Polish Adaptation of Adolescent Coping Scale (E. Frydenberg, R. Lewis, 1993) // Nowy Test. Bialystok, Polska: Trans Humana Wydawnictwo Uniwersyteckie, 1998. V. 3. P. 14 - 19.

DEVELOPMENTAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE COPING STRATEGIES

T.L. Kryukova

Cand sci. (psychology), senior lecturer, doctor ant of the department of social psychology of Kostroma Nekrasov State University, Kostroma

The developmental, sex and cross-cultural aspects of coping behavior are considered as structural and regulative factors of subject's activity. An adapted by the author method of measuring of coping strategy is described (ACS - Adolescents Coping Scale). The factors influencing a choice of coping strategies and styles by 14 - 19 year old young people (1137 subj.) are studied and particular features of their choice by youth in different cultures are compared. The changes of coping behavior in the process of growing up are shown.

Key words: activity of subject, a choice of styles and strategies of coping behavior, growing up, age stressors, cross-cultural differences.

. 15





:


: 2016-12-06; !; : 576 |


:

:

- - , .
==> ...

1651 - | 1608 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.163 .