: . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .
1
2004 . . . *, . . **, . . ***, . . ****, . . *****, . . ******
: . , , . - - . - - . - - 43% , 32% 19% . . , , .
: , , , , , .
. , . . , . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . -, , -, , . . . " " " " , , . . . , . , , . , () () [1]. . . , .
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* . , . ,
** . , .,
*** . , .,
**** . , . ,
***** , , ,
****** ,
1 (N 03 - 06 - 80058-).
. . , . . . - .
. 28
[9, 22]. , , .
, , , , . , , - [14] , " " [12].
, , . . , , , . .
, , - - [8] - [35] - . - , - , .
- , . (), (; ), (), (; ), () (; , ). [33] . [25 - 27] [23, 24], .
, , , , . . , [37], [36], [33] , , . , .
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, , . [20] , . - .
- () - - . - () . - , . .
, , [30]. [11] . . , , - .
. 345 (93 252 ) 14 65 ( 20.0, 5.5). : 14 - 19 (n = 223,
. 29
= 17.8, σ = 1.1) 20 - 65 (n = 122, = 24, σ = 7.6). (χ2 = 0.05; df = 1, p > 0.05). - , .
. - [33, 35], - [8] ( ) (EPQ-R) [19]. ( (α-) : 0.83 - , 0.83 - , 0.52 - 0.84 - .)
. () LISREL 8.53 [21]. , , , , . ( ) χ2 RMSEA. χ2 - . χ2 , , , , . χ2 , χ2 /df. [6]. RMSEA 0.05 , 0.05 1.00 - [29]. (NFT), (NNFI) (CFI) , . 0.90 [5]. ( . . [2].)
|
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α- - (0.56, 0.33, 0.63, 0.61, 0.61 0.71 , , , , ) , , . , . [20], , , . α- - 0.60, 0.48, 0.67, 0.64, 0.67 0.70, . : 0.86, 0.76, 0.87, 0.87, 0.89 0.90.
48 , , . (5.30, 3.79, 2.60, 1.99, 1.66, 1.64 1.49) , . . Δχ2 /df [6], Δχ2 - χ2 , , df - . -, -, -, -, - : 10.27, 12.58, 3.58, 3.04, 2.52 2.26. .
(. 1) : - (, 12 , α- = 0.79), - (, 12 , α- = 0.71) - (, 12 , α- = 0.67). . , , , - , , . , , , - , . , , , . . .
, [17], , . , - , - . . , . , , .
|
|
. 30
1. - ( 0.30)
, ? | .63 | ||
? | .62 | ||
, , ? | -.60 | ||
, , , ? | .56 | ||
, ? | .56 | ||
, ? | .56 | ||
, ? | .51 | ||
, ? | .51 | ||
? | -.49 | ||
, ? | .48 | ||
, , , ? | .47 | ||
? | .46 | ||
- - ? | .57 | ||
- , ? | .56 | ||
, ? | -.55 | ||
, , - ? | .54 | ||
, , , ? | .50 | ||
? | -.48 | ||
, , , , , ? | .46 | ||
, - , ? | -.45 | ||
, ? | -.45 | ||
? | .43 | ||
? | -.41 | ||
, , ? | .40 | ||
- , , , , ? | .54 | ||
? | .52 | ||
(, )? | .49 | ||
, , , ? | .48 | ||
, ? | -.47 | ||
, , ? | .34 | .45 | |
, ? | .45 | ||
, , ? | .31 | .42 | |
, ? | .42 | ||
, ? | .40 | ||
, , , , , ? | .39 | ||
, ? | .33 |
. 31
. 1. - . ( .)
- . , , .
, - - ; , , . . , , . χ2 = 72.65, df = 11, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.139, CFI = 0.77, NFI = 0.75, NNFI = 0.69). (χ2 = 44.31 df = 12, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.092, CFI = 0.90, NFI = 0.87, NNFI = 0.88), ( χ2 = 25.01, df = 9, p = 0.003, RMSEA = 0.078, CFI = 0.95, NFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.92). , , χ2. (Δχ2 = 19.3, df = 3) . , - (. 1). , , , . . χ- 0.73.
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- 20 Direct Oblimin . , . ( "" (excitement) "" (excited), .) . 14 (. 2), - . : 0.71 (6 -
2. - ( 0.30)
.68 | ||||
, - , | .70 | |||
, - , | .65 | |||
, , () - | .61 | |||
-.53 | ||||
, | .62 | |||
, , | .80 | |||
- , , | .81 | |||
, , | .63 | |||
- , | .79 | |||
, , | .54 | |||
- , | .51 | |||
- , | .70 | |||
.79 |
. 32
), 0.65 "" (, 3 ), 0.40 " " (, 3 ) 0.37 " " (, 2 ).
- , - . - , . . (χ2 = 155.64, df = 53, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.075, CFI = 0.85, NFI = 0.78, NNFI = 0.81) , (χ2 = 152.78, df = 54, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.073, CFI = 0.84, NFI = 0.78, NNFI = 0.81). (χ2 = 93.76, df = 51, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.050, CFI = 0.93, NFI = 0.86, NNFI = 0.91). (Δχ2 = 59.02, df = 3) . , (. 2). , , , , . . α- 0.53.
, , - , - . (T = - 6.64, p < 0.001 T = - 4.88, p < 0.001 ), (T = - 3.09, p = 0.002) (T = -3.49, p = 0.001), (T = 3.40, p = 0.001). (T = 4.43, p < 0.001).
- , . ( α 2 /df = 1.75, 1.66, 2.52, 0.97 , ). , , .
, . , . (. 3). , - - 2 (Δχ2 = 18.29, df = 1, p < 0.001). , , "" ( ) , 2 : " , , " (χ2 = 9.00, df = 2, p = 0.011) " , " ( χ 2 = 6.26, df = 2, p = 0.044). , - 2.
- , ( χ 2 /df = 1.70, 1.48, 1.31 1.48 , , ). ; -
. 2. - . ( .)
. 33
3. - , (14 - 19) (20 - 61)
χ2 | df | RMSEA | CFI | Δχ2 | D df | p < | |
0. | 30.71 | 0.070 | 0.95 | - | - | - | |
1. 0 + | 31.51 | 0.059 | 0.96 | 0.8 | . . | ||
2. 1 + | 37.03 | 0.051 | 0.95 | 5.52 | . . | ||
3. 2 + | 40.32 | 0.049 | 0.95 | 3.29 | . . | ||
0. | 31.42 | 0.072 | 0.96 | - | - | - | |
1. 0 + | 31.87 | 0.060 | 0.97 | 0.45 | . . | ||
2. 1 + | 55.88 | 0.086 | 0.90 | 24.01 | 0.001 | ||
3. 2 + | 56.13 | 0.078 | 0.89 | 0.25 | . . |
4. - , (14 - 19) (20 - 61)
χ2 | df | RMSEA | CFI | Δχ2 | D df | p < | |
0. | 151.97 | 0.056 | 0.90 | - | - | - | |
1. 0 + | 162.67 | 0.052 | 0.91 | 10.7 | . . | ||
2. 1 + | 207.31 | 0.063 | 0.87 | 44.64 | 0.001 | ||
3. 2 + | 229.61 | 0.068 | 0.84 | 22.3 | 0.005 | ||
0. | 137.81 | 0.048 | 0.92 | - | - | - | |
1. 0 + | 156.88 | 0.049 | 0.91 | 19.07 | . . | ||
2. 1 + | 176.81 | 0.051 | 0.90 | 19.93 | . . | ||
3. 2 + | 184.60 | 0.050 | 0.89 | 7.79 | . . |
(. 4).
, , . (" , , " " - , ") , (" , , ") - . , - . , " " (r = 0.58), (r = -0.23). " " "" (r = -0.24), (r = 0.17).
, , , [28]. - - , , - , . , .
, . ,
. 34
[3]. , [4]. : × × .
, . . . . . 3. ( χ2 = 19.72, df = 10, p - 0.032, RMSEA =.059, CFI = 0.98, NFI =.96, NNFI =. 94). , 43% , 32% 19% .
(β = 0.44), (β = 0.24). , , (β = 0.33), . (β = 0.45). (β = -0.24) × (β = -0.16). (β = 0.35) - (β = -0.28). × .
, , [4]. " " (F (1.297) = 0.95, p = 0.330). : " " (F ( 1.297) = 5.49, p = 0.020), "" (F (1.297) = 10.56, p = 0.001). , . 4 "" ( 0.5 ) ( 0.5 ) . , "" . (β = 0.31, T = 3.11, p = 0.002), , (β = 0.08, T = 0.81, p > 0.05). × (. . 1) , .
, . 3, . . ( χ2 /df = 0.84, 1.35, 0.99 0.98 , , ), .. .
. 3. . ( .)
. 4. "" .
. 35
5. , (14 - 19) (20 - 61)
χ2 | df | RMSEA | CFI | Δχ2 | Δ df | p < | |
0. | 37.21 | 0.078 | 0.96 | - | - | ||
1. 0 + | 47.88 | 0.071 | 0.96 | 10.67 | . . | ||
2. 1 + | 63.28 | 0.086 | 0.95 | 15.4 | 0.005 | ||
0. | 33.62 | 0.070 | 0.97 | - | - | ||
1. 0 + | 37.42 | 0.049 | 0.98 | 3.8 | . . | ||
2. 1 + | 44.59 | 0.056 | 0.098 | 7.17 | . . |
, . , , .
, , . (. 5). , , . , , (Δχ2 = 1.36, df = 1, p > 0.05). (Δχ2 = 6.72, df = 1, p < 0.01) (Δχ2 = 6.67, df = 1, p < 0.01) . , 16% 45% , - 33% 31% .
[32] (24 ) - . . - 36 , . , : 0.76 0.75 . - .
, - - , , . - , - - . , - ( " ") [13], . - .
, , " ". . , , [16]. . , , . . , , ( , ), "" [9].
, - , . - 2 . - , . ,
. 36
, " ".
, , . , [11], , . , , . , , , , , , [7]. () . , , [31]. , "", .
, - - , , . ( - - 43% ), (32% ) (19% ). , , , - - , , .
. . 4 , , . , . , , .
[34]. , . , . , .
[10], , , . - . , , . ( ) , , , [15]. , [18].
, . , . , - . - - (p = 0.073). , , - - , - .
, , . , . , , .
, .
. 37
(r = 0.53). . . . , . , , - - . (r = 0.25). , .
1. - - . , - - .
2. , - , . - . " " , . () "", .
3. - - 43% , 32% 19% . , , .
4. . , .
5. , , , . , , , .
. 16 30 .
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