A. N. Poddiakov
Dr. sci.(psychology), professor, faculty of psychology of State university - High school of economics, Moscow
The phenomenon of counteraction to the learning and development of other subjects is analysed. Here the results of original empirical research of people's representations about prevalence of the phenomenon in real life (the interview of Russians and Americans). The typology of situations of counteraction and assistance to another's learning and development on parameters of "purpose - means-results" is submitted. A new research field is distinguished - the study of abilities and strategies of deliberate creation of learning and developmental difficulties by one subject to another one.
Key words: counteraction, aid, assistance, learning, development, creation and overcoming of difficulties, coping behavior.
. 70
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. 72
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. (x< 2.0)
̱ | σ | ||
I. : | |||
, | 1.950.018 | 0.217 | |
, , | 1.870.028 | 0.341 | |
1.850.030 | 0.355 | ||
1.840.031 | 0.369 | ||
1.810.033 | 0.393 | ||
II. : | |||
1.840.031 | 0.369 | ||
1.900.025 | 0.298 | ||
, | 1.780.035 | 0.414 | |
1.850.030 | 0.355 | ||
1.500.046 | 0.555 | ||
, | 1.610.041 | 0.490 | |
III. : | |||
1.450.050 | 0.601 | ||
1.760.036 | 0.421 | ||
- (, ) | 1.85+0.030 | 0.362 | |
- (, ) | 1.730.037 | 0.447 | |
1.760.036 | 0.431 | ||
1.790.034 | 0.409 | ||
1.640.040 | 0.481 | ||
1.840.031 | 0.369 | ||
, | 1.840.031 | 0.369 | |
1.77 0.035 | 0.423 | ||
1.710.038 | 0.454 | ||
IV. : | |||
1.880.027 | 0.325 | ||
1.880.027 | 0.325 | ||
1.720.038 | 0.450 | ||
1.800.033 | 0.398 | ||
0.510.042 | 0.502 | ||
(, , ) | 0.780.056 | 0.673 | |
1.700.038 | 0.460 | ||
1.850.032 | 0.381 | ||
1.870.028 | 0.333 | ||
1.100.062 | 0.744 | ||
V. : | |||
1.720.038 | 0.450 | ||
, , | 1.660.042 | 0.505 | |
, , | 1.550.058 | 0.699 | |
1.340.047 | 0.558 | ||
1.820.032 | 0.387 |
. 79
. ()
̱ | σ | ||
VI. : | |||
, , , | 1.850.030 | 0.362 | |
1.920.023 | 0.278 | ||
1.730.037 | 0.447 | ||
1.800.033 | 0.398 | ||
, | 1.720.038 | 0.450 | |
VII. : | |||
1.780.035 | 0.418 | ||
1.730.041 | 0.489 | ||
, | 1.880.027 | 0.325 | |
, , , , | 1.740.037 | 0.439 | |
, | 1.890.026 | 0.316 | |
1.850.030 | 0.355 | ||
, , | 1.800.033 | 0.398 | |
1.910.024 | 0.288 | ||
, | 1.830.031 | 0.375 | |
1.940.019 | 0.231 | ||
VIII. : | |||
1.680.039 | 0.469 | ||
1.990.007 | 0.084 | ||
1.730.040 | 0.477 | ||
1.780.035 | 0.418 | ||
, | 1.590.044 | 0.522 | |
, | 1.970.015 | 0.184 | |
1.810.033 | 0.393 | ||
1.730.037 | 0.447 | ||
IX. : | |||
, | 1.78 0.035 | 0.418 | |
1.660.041 | 0.489 | ||
, | 1.730.037 | 0.443 | |
, | 1.640.040 | 0.483 | |
1.80 0.034 | 0.403 | ||
() | 1.850.030 | 0.355 | |
, , | 1.660.044 | 0.532 | |
1.900.026 | 0.307 | ||
, | 1.660.44 | 0.532 | |
, | 1.940.020 | 0.244 | |
1.820.032 | 0.387 | ||
1.970.015 | 0.184 | ||
1.900.026 | 0.307 |
. 80
. ()
̱ | σ | ||
X. : | |||
, ( ) | 1.690.039 | 0.463 | |
(, , ) | 1.610.042 | 0.504 | |
, , ; , | 1.540.045 | 0.541 | |
, | 0.590.052 | 0.619 | |
, | 1.170.059 | 0.705 | |
, , | 0.780.053 | 0.633 | |
XI. : | |||
(, ) | 0.590.055 | 0.663 | |
, | 1.630.042 | 0.499 | |
1.710.038 | 0.454 | ||
, | 1.970.014 | 0.165 | |
1.890.026 | 0.316 | ||
, | 1.970.014 | 0.165 | |
1.670.039 | 0.471 | ||
1.760.036 | 0.427 | ||
1.500.052 | 0.627 | ||
XII. : | |||
1.860.029 | 0.348 | ||
1.780.035 | 0.414 | ||
1.210.058 | 0.691 | ||
1.730.037 | 0.447 | ||
1.830.032 | 0.381 | ||
1.720.040 | 0.481 | ||
1.720.038 | 0.450 | ||
"" | 1.470.050 | 0.603 | |
1.660.41 | 0.491 |