: . . , . .
2004 . . . *, . . **
* ,
** . , . ,
, () . , . - , , - , . (n= 30) (n =27). , . . , . , , .
: , , , .
, [3, 8 - 10], , , , , , , . "" "" "" , , , "" - , , , , , . (Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-III-R) [6,13]. , , , .
. , , (. [3 - 5,14]). [9,10]. .
|
|
[8 - 11] , (, ), , .
[8, 17], .
. 44
. , , , " ", "". , "- " [2, . 25], [8], , . , , " " [8]. : " ?"; " ?"; " ?"; ", , - , , , - ".
"", . . , , [7]. , , [1,4,5,12]. , . - [15, 16, 18, 19]. , , , , . . , , , . - , , , [1, 4, 5].
|
|
, , . : , , , .
, ( , ), ( , ). , , , , - , , .
.
1. .
2. ( ).
, .
:
1. , , ( , , , ) , .
2. .
3. .
57 . () 27 64 (Me= 35), (Me =11). : -30 ., 27 44 (Me =32); - 27 ., 34 64 (Me =43).
. 45
, [8]. : CAPS [6], MS - ( ) [6].
: 21 . (-) 9 . (+). 18 . (-) 9 . (+).
- BDI - [6] - [8].
:
() "Imagery", [8]. , , , - "". "Imagery", .. ("") , :
" , , . , , ... , . . , , ...
|
|
, . . , , ... ".
" ()" [8], : 1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , : 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - , 9 - , 10 - , 11 - .
, . , , ; , ; , , , , .. , , :
A. - :
1 - ;
2 - .
B. :
1 - , ;
2 - , .
C. :
1 - , ;
2 - .
D. :
1 - , ;
2 - .
E. :
1 - ;
2 - .
F. - :
1 - ;
2 - .
G. , :
1 - ;
2 - .
H - :
1 - "", , , ;
2 - "", , , .
. 46
" " () , , : ; ; ; , . . , - , , .., - 15 , .
, .
1. -
2. -
3. -
4. -
5. -
6. -
7. -
|
|
8. -
9. -
10. -
11. -
12. -
13. -
14. -
15. -
, , .
:
" , . , "" "" "" "" .. . , , ".
, , 1, - 7. . , , .
- -. Statistica.
( ) , , (MS, BDI, CAPS, - SA, TA), , , . . 1. , , , "" . "". , .. " ", . "" , , .
, , " " (), , , , - , . , - , ( D - ), .. , "" . -
. 47
1. MS, BDI, CAPS, ( - SA, - TA),
AGE | MS | BDI | CAPS | SA | TA | EDU | |
-.100 | .187 | .115 | .018 | .033 | .081 | .040 | |
-.039 | -.081 | -.108 | -.101 | -.231 | -.127 | -.244 | |
.234 | .271 | .230 | .105 | .134 | .053 | .362 | |
-.010 | -.033 | -.174 | -.137 | -.005 | -.056 | -.041 | |
-.158 | -.139 | -.125 | -.152 | -.114 | .014 | -.100 | |
-.054 | -.210 | -.259 | -.325 | -.011 | -.081 | -.192 | |
-.310 | -.324 | -.365 | -.335 | -.352 | -.307 | -.111 | |
-.057 | -.300 | -.194 | -.122 | -.266 | -.072 | -.031 | |
.011 | .348 | .189 | .281 | .322 | .160 | .055 | |
.212 | .142 | .069 | .143 | .014 | -.052 | -.050 | |
.041 | -.126 | .019 | .028 | .029 | .097 | .118 | |
.010 | .105 | .118 | .193 | -.203 | -.008 | -.055 | |
.124 | .169 | .199 | .016 | .144 | -.083 | .202 | |
-.123 | .202 | .051 | .154 | -.004 | -.006 | -.242 | |
.045 | .110 | .062 | .055 | .081 | -.045 | -.188 | |
-.327 | -.580 | -.622 | -.529 | -.497 | -.542 | -.223 | |
A | .232 | .256 | .282 | .234 | .260 | .273 | .013 |
B | .034 | .341 | .342 | .399 | .361 | .354 | -.130 |
C | .092 | .109 | .156 | .107 | -.068 | -.046 | -.076 |
D | .232 | .284 | .362 | .297 | .214 | .250 | -.015 |
E | -.308 | -.165 | -.228 | -.231 | -.292 | -.287 | .005 |
F | -.114 | .094 | -.084 | .083 | -.215 | -.187 | -.199 |
G | .133 | -.015 | -.214 | -.258 | .130 | .083 | -.070 |
H | .284 | .221 | .224 | .033 | .198 | .284 | .299 |
. . (p< 0.05) . (1 - 15) - " "; - - ; (A- H) - ; AGE - , EDU - .
|
|
2.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | |
-.689 | -.450 | -.375 | -.428 | .223 | -.064 | .060 | -.317 | |
.001 | -.020 | -.004 | .022 | .042 | .208 | .037 | .180 | |
-.226 | -.317 | -.277 | -.268 | .289 | -.184 | .029 | -.315 | |
-.192 | -.173 | .017 | -.090 | .127 | -.227 | .041 | -.006 | |
.219 | .123 | .227 | .129 | -.140 | .014 | -.150 | .305 | |
.191 | .097 | .000 | .080 | -.119 | -.075 | -.069 | .253 | |
-.034 | -.191 | -.231 | -.079 | -.040 | .046 | -.047 | .242 | |
.241 | .198 | .224 | .405 | -.271 | .067 | -.004 | .536 | |
.171 | .012 | -.040 | .101 | -.112 | .027 | .108 | .441 | |
-.446 | -.460 | -.449 | -.387 | .334 | -.147 | .014 | -.315 | |
.099 | -.072 | .064 | .059 | -.045 | .134 | -.081 | .311 |
, . 1.
. 48
(A), , , (E).
. 2 . , , (A) : (B), (C) (D).
( E ).
H . , , (H) - , , , . , .
+ - , . -. , 0.95.
+ - BDI, TA, +. , [8].
(-) , , - +. , "" . + "" "".
, . G ( , ). .
, , + - , + "". , . , , , .. , .
, , . . , , , , , (). , , , , - , . ( ) . , -, " ", - " ". , .
. 49
. , : , "" ( ) ( ). , , .
, : "", , ( , . 2): , , , .
. , , , ; , . , , . , "", : , , .
, [3, 9, 10]. , "". "" , . : " , . , , . , , . , , , , , ". " , , . , . -, , . , , , ". , , - .
, . , .
. , : " . . ... : , . ".
, , ; , , ; , , , , , - , . , , . , . [8, . 32], - +. , , "": " , : . , , ?"; " ? , , , ?";
. 50
" - , , . - , ".
, , ( ): , . , . ( ).
, - + , , . - . : . , , , , , - .
1. , - , , ( , , ) , .
2. , . , : , - , . ( ): , "" , , . , - .
3. , , . , . . , . , .
1. - . . // . .: , 1987. . 137 - 145.
2. . . () // . . 1997. . 18. N 2. . 18 - 32.
3. . ., . ., . . // . . 1997. . 18. N2. . 34 - 9.
4. . ., . . // . ., 1988.
5. . ., . . Lifeline , " " // Lifeline . .: "" - "", 1993. . 43 - 62.
6. . / . . . . .: , 2001.
7. . . . : , 1976. . 347 - 362.
8. . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . . // . . 1996. . 17. N 2. . 30 - 45.
9. . ., . ., . . -
. 51
// . . 1994. . 15. N 5. . 67 - 77.
10. . ., . ., . . . // : - . ., 1992. . 192 - 237.
11. . ., . ., . ., . ., . . , : // . . 2. ., 1997. . 254 - 262.
12. . . // . ., 1988.
13. American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics: Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed. 3, revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.
14. Bonnet C. Enfances interrompues par la guerre // Book of abstracts: European conference on traumatic stress. Paris, 1995.
15. Brunstein J. C. Personal goals and subjective well-beings longitudinal study // J. of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993. V. 65. N 5. P. 1061 - 1070.
16. Lazarus R. S., DeLongis A. Psychological stress and coping imaging //Amer. Psychol. 1983. V. 38.
17. Pitman R. K., Shalev Y. A., Orr S. P. Posttraumatic stress disorder: emotion, conditions, and memory. Cambridge, 1999. P. 1133 - 1147.
18. Saigh P. A. Posttraumatic stress disorder: Behavioral assessment and treatment. Elmsford, N.Y.: Maxwell Press, 1994.
19. Janoff-Bulman R. The aftermath of victimization: Rebuilding shattered assumption // Trauma and its wake: The study and treatment of PTSD / Ed. C.R. Figley. N.Y.: Brunner/Mazel, 1985. P. 15 - 36.