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C) 2003 .




, ,

60 60 . - . , , . , . , , . , . . - , .

: , , , , .

, 80- . XX . . , 29% ( , ) . 1991 . (Vaal Triangle) 33,1% , 1994 . 1995 . 50% .

, . (Gauteng) 74%. , 18 , - , .

, (1999):"... , , " (. 50). , , . (1979) : , , . (1984) , , . (1986) . (, 1986).

, . : ( ) 35% . , ( ) . -

* . . . . .

. 127

. , , , , , . , , . , . , , , . - , ( , 1990).

- (, 1986). , , (, 1986). , - ( , 1992; , 1987). (1985), , ; -. , - .

, , , , . , ( , 1985); , (, , , 1986); , , , (, 1986); , , (, 1985; , 1988).

, - . . , , , .. . , , ( , 1988), , , ( , 1993).

, (, 1985; , 1989). (1988) , 13,5% . - , . : . (, , , , 1990). , , , , , . ( ) , , . (1990), . , , .

(1990) , . , - . , (, , 1999), , -: . , , , .

. 128

, 1994 . . -, , .

: , - , , , , (, 1985), ( , 1982; , 1983). : (, 1985) (, 1985). ( , 1987), ( , , 1989), (, 1986).

(1999), , , . . , , , , .

:

* , ;

* , ;

* , , .

. 60 60 , , "" . 38 ( ) 41 ( ), , . . , , . 27% 1994 ., .

: 55% , 29,3% - . , - (41,8%), 29,1% , 7,3% , , 21,8% , , , 66% .

: 52,5% , 31% . 23% , 4,8% - , 10,2% - , 15,3% - 5,1 % - . .

. , . 7 (). . , , . 558 (90%) . , , , . - . . . 60 60 , . , , : ( 35 ), " " ( , , ).

, . () , , . , . . , .

. , , , , . , . , , , . , , . , -

. 129

1. ( )

1 2 -
- - - -
55.72 48.84 2.542 0.013*
15.21 12.50 2.752 0.007**
15.29 14.41 1.060 0.291
13.67 12.78 1.248 0.215
12.47 8.72 4.480 0.001**
49.26 49.79 -0.543 0.588
27.85 23.95 3.569 0.001**
() 21.54 24.39 -2.212 0.029*
() 30.54 32.75 -2.149 0.034*
16.07 20.33 -2.101 0.037*
20.59 23.10 -2.207 0.029*
* < 0.05 **<0.01

(, 1980). , . " " "faces" , .

:

* , , , , , , . , , , .

:

* (General Health Questionnaire, 1972) , 28 . , . >2, >5 , . , " ", . , . . 0,91.

* , (Attitude Questionnaire). , 9 . , ( =.87).

* (, 1979) , ( , , ) ( =.87).

* (Fumham's Economic Locus of Control Scale, ); - 0.14.

* ( , 1983) ( ). , ( ); (.85 < <.92).

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* 2 , ( =.74)

.

.

, , , . . . 1. 0.75 . (0.61) GHQ-28 . (0.14) .

. ( , ). : , , , , , ; (), , ; -

. 130

2.

                   
1. - , T7*** '7^*** 79*** '7Q*** 32* 37* -13 .19 .20 .13
2. .67*** .42** .40** .26   .14 -.01 .04 -.03 -.05
3. .55*** 40** .17     .23 -.02 -.05 -.05 -.12
4. .50*** .20       .28 -.16 -.14 .03 -.25
5. .46**         72*** -.14 -.06 39* 53***
6.           .46** -.23 .52*** 52*** .51***
7.           -.17 .02   -.63*** -.68***
8. ()           -.33*     .14 .33**
9. ()                 -.23 -.17
10.                   .52***
* = 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001.

, , , , . t -.

. 1 . , , (GHQ).

( ) , . , , . , , . , , . /- ( ) () .

. . (F = = 4.62; df= 1.49; > 0.05) (F = 24.03; df = 1.50; > 0.01) .

, , , .

. 2 GHQ. , GHQ . , . 2, : , , , , .

GHQ , .. . , . . 2 , . .

( BMDP 9R). GHQ, 2, - , . ( -

. 131

3. ( )

-
0.766 1.50 .001 18%
() -1.985 -5.09 .001 20.4%
1 -0.083 -5.02 .001 19.9%
2 0.068 4.69 .001 17.4%
3 0.043 5.30 .001 22.1%
R = 0.813 adjusted R = 0.621; F = 16.74; =.001. 1: (). 2: () (). 3: .

4. ( )

-
2.381 5.33 0.001 19.6%
() -0.699 - 1.4630.034 -1.69 - 4.642.03 0.100.010.048 20% 14.9%. 29%
() Interaction 1        
2 0.060 4.70 0.001 15.3%
3 -0.088 -4.18 0.001 12%
R = 0.839; adjusted R = 0.662; F = 16.99; = 0.001. 1: (). 2: (). 3: .

) . 3 4. . 3 , 59,6% . . , , 66,2% . : , ( GHQ), , . . 4.

. , (G) (), (2), () (1) . , - (Browne &Mels, 1990). , .

, ( ), . .

, . . , , . , , . , , , . .

, -

. 132

. - . , , . , . , .

, , , , , , . , , , , . , .

- . , . (Procidano, Heller, 1983) . , , , (, ) .

, , , . , . , . , , , .

, , , , , . Brief et al. (1995); Jackson (1999); O'Brien (1986). , , . , .

. , , - . , . , , , . , , . , ( GHQ) , , . , , , .

, . , .

, . , , , - ( ). , , , -

. 133

.

, , , , . - (George Brief, 1990; Graets, 1993; Jacson, 1999; Murphy, Athanasou, 1999) , , .

- , , . , , (, GHQ) , , , . , , , : . - - , , .

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