, . . 4.1 [5] , , -, , -, . , , . () (. . 4.2). , , . , . , .
, , . . 6.1 . n- -. , n- , - , . . , ,
. , , , [45] . , , , .
. 6.1.
, , (. . 3.3 . 4.2). . . ( ) . . , . 6.1. , , (. . 4.1). -
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, ( . 6.1) . , - . - . n- . . , n- - , , . , , : - +2 - 1 +1, n- -2 + 1 -1. , , [75]. , n- - ; . , . , , .
. , . 30 -
90 125 [76, 77]. , , , . , .
, , , [52] ( ) .
, . - 210, 373 .
, , , , . ( : , , -) , : . , , 90
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|
. , - , , . :
1) -
;
2) , -
, ;
3) ;
4) -
.
, , (. . 3.1, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2). , . . 1.4. 1989 [78] 6.1. [103] . , , . . , . , 25 /(.), . , .
6.1.
- | - | - | - | ||||||||||
/ | σ | - | - | ||||||||||
n | N | - | |||||||||||
Z | I | J | , - | ΔS/π = | |||||||||
Ұ/ | (A+Z+I) £ 25 | Q /(π . Ұ) | |||||||||||
1. | 7,5 | 14* | A*=8-A=N | ||||||||||
2 | Z*=8-Z=N | ||||||||||||
ΔS/π =A*+Z* | |||||||||||||
2. | -1 | 1, 5 | |||||||||||
3. | N2 | +1 | 22,5 | ||||||||||
4. | +1 | ||||||||||||
02 | |||||||||||||
5. | +1 | -1 | 24,5 | ||||||||||
F2 | |||||||||||||
6. | -1 | ΔS/π = | |||||||||||
Ne | |||||||||||||
7. | +1 | +1 | 35,5 | ||||||||||
CL2 | |||||||||||||
8. | -1 | +1 | |||||||||||
9. | |||||||||||||
10. | -1 | ||||||||||||
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, , . . . , :
;
.
.
, .
-, , 22-, . -, , .
, [78], :
= [Z + I + (nσ + J) N], (6.1)
, . 2,718... ; Z ( ); I (+ 1, 0, -1), . ; n , ; σ ; J (+ 1, 0, -1), ; N , .
, (6.1) .
|
|
ΔS,
/(.) [78]:
ΔS = π( + Z + I)
(6.2)
π , 3,14...; ( ); Z ( ); I (+1, 0, -1), . ΔS Cv = (A + Z + I) £ 25. , , . , 25, : , , , , [79].
(6.1) (6.2) : (). . , .
, [41]: kT @ e2(Z + N)/(rR), k ( ); ; , ; R , 109737 "1. , , , ; Z ( ); N ( ). , .
, . (. . 2.1) , , , . (. ), . ( ), () . . .
.
2 / r= X, (. . ) 27,212 . =Xa (Z + N)/(Ro k), k - , , 0,862.10-4 /. , : = a[Z + I + (nσ + J)N)/(Ro k), n . σ 2 0 . (, σ 1 . 2).
, , . . Xa / (Ro k) = 2,876... = 2,718... (6.1), 6.1.
, , 2 3 , 1/2 , = 2,718...
, . . . , s- - . , , ( ) , - (6.1) 9, , 1. , . 4 : / = 4(/ + /) + 1 = 4(9 + 1)+ 1 = 41.
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|
. : , , . . : / = 4(0/ + /) + 1 = 4(33 + 1) + 1 = 137. ( 137) , (. . 3.3).
( ) 36,8 100, = 2,718... (. . 5.1), / = (273,2+ 3,8)/ = 114 ( ), 5104. (66]. -
. : , , . , , , /2, 2 , . :
/ = 5(/+/)+/+2/ + 3(0/ + /)/2 = = 5(9+1)+ 32+2 1+3(19+1)72 = 114. -, (6.1), 32, - 19. , - (. ), .
(6.2) , . , dQ, [53]: dS = dQ/ = Cv dT/T, , Cv() = (dQ/dT)v. . - () , , ( ε), ε . (V.P.) , , :
(+ ε)
ΔS = V.P. v ò [l/(ξ-T)].δξ = π.Cv.
(- ε)
Cv, , (6.2). .
, , , ( ) , ( ) , . , . 4,
ΔS/π = AC + ZC +4AH + 1 = 12 + 6 + 4 + 1 = 23,
, . , , 25.
. , .
ΔS/π = ΔS/π + 4(A + Z) +1 = 25+4(1+1) +1 = 34. . , . , (. 5).
[1, 5]. . 6.2 . , , -
, () , , , 6 , 3 . , - .
. 6.2.
. . (. . 4.2), . . , (), . . - () . ,
, , , . 6.2, . Y-Ba-Cu-O. .
, 1916 . (. . 1.4), , . , , , , . (. . 3.3). , .
YBa2Ag3S7 [80] = 194 , = 210 . , , , (6.1) (6.2). -
- S22- . YBa2Ag3Se7 [81].
YBa2Ag3Se7 : Ag2Se, ( ) BaSe + Se2, Y2Se3. , :
Y2Se3/2 + 2(BaSe + Se2) + 3Ag2Se/2 YBa2Ag3Se9 YBa2Ag3Se7.
- . - Se22-.
YBa2Cu3Se7 371 , [16]. , .
YBa2Cu3O7. , - 22- 90 . , - 22- .
= 90 (6.1), :
= 2,718 [8 + 1 + (22 + 0) 6] = 90 .
, - S22- - Se22-. .
: = 2,718 [16 +1 + (32 + 1) 6] = 209 . : = 2,718 [34 + 1 + (42 + 1) 6] = 372 .
, - 22- S22-, Se22- , J . , ,
= 2,718 [52 4- 1 4- (52 + 1) 6] = 568 .
YBa2Cu3Se7 (. . 6.3) , , 372 , 371 . [82].
325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380
. 6.3. () () YBa2Cu3Se7
(. . 6.3) = 905. -
. , , [67]. , , . . . .
(. . 6.4), .
. 6.4.
, μ κ = μ - 1. . . 1, .
1 R, L 7-12 2, RL. 3, 4, 7-39 5. 7-12 7-39 - 908 6.
. κ = (L* L)/L, = f(T), L* , L , - 7, κ = f(T) () 8.
1 R, , L 2 -50 7-46, . . -50, 9-18, -
7-46. -908, , R/R = f(T),- R, R , .
, .