( 3.3) 1:1 1:2, . ha, h , b m.
F = w I , .
, (3-21)
c , .
: d, h Z, h m, La, L .
( ) Hj Lj , ,
, (3-22)
U j j - , Hj j - .
3.3
U d+ U z+ U + U m+ U = F = wI, (3-23)
U d = d¢ H d = d¢ B d/m0; U z = h z H zp;
U m = h m H m; U = L a H a; U = L H .
m, :
B a = / S a; B m = m/ S m; B = / S ;
= d/2; m = s d; = m/2; d = d S d = B d l d b d.
, m , 1 2 .
( z¢3), ( z¢2) ( z¢1) .
z¢ i 1,8 zi . 1 , z¢ i > 1,8 3.15, .
: 0,5d; 0,75d; d; 1,25 d.
3.15 1211, 1212 ( )
d 3.16.
3.4, 3.5. , d. , ( j= B jH d/ d), j - .
|
|
3.4 -
lj, | bj, | s j, | () Lj, | B j, | |||
1. | |||||||
- 3.16 | |||||||
2. | |||||||
=0,93 | L Z= h Z | ||||||
3. | |||||||
Lm=hm | B m =1,2-1,6 () m | ||||||
4. | |||||||
S a= l Z ha | =1,3-1,5 () =d /2 | ||||||
5. | |||||||
l = l m+0,4D a | h = / l | S = l h | p[ D a+(d + h m+ + h )2]/4 p +0,5 h | =1,1-1,2 () =m /2 | |||
3.5
0,5d | 0,75 d | d | 1,25 d | |
d, d, , : ¢Z1 ¢Z2 ¢Z3 , : m , /: H Z1 ( .1 3.15) Z2 ( .1 3.15) Z3 ( .1 3.15) H ZP=(H Z1+4 H Z2+ H Z3)/6 , /: m ( .1) ( .1) ( .1) , : , U d=d¢ d/m0 U Z= h Z H ZP U m= h m H m U = L a H a U = L H , , F = |
3.16
3.5 ( 3.17) , F B d= d U d, ..
= F / U d = ac / ab (3-24)
3.17
,
u = K / Z
= u Z, (3-25)
Z () , .
, u kcp 18-22 . u kcp= 18 ,
, (3-26)
U H , .
, max D t Kmin,
|
|
t Kmin = b Kmin+D,
b Kmin ;
D - .
D = 0,7 D , t Kmin = 5 (b Kmin = 4, D = 1),
max = . (3-27)
, u
min K = u Z K max (3-28)
(3-26) (3-27) min K max, u (3-28), u =1,2,3.
= Z = S,
, (3-29)
n (); = U H(1 Ra *) = E n d;
a ;
Ra * - ( , ); Ra *=0,05.
w c . w c 4, u . u , .
(y 1, y 2, y) . .3.1.4.
u >1 ,
; (3-30)
, (3-31)
.. ;
De .
, , ,
y = y K= +1, (3-32)
y = y K = (3-33)
, , Z : ( ) , ; ( ) , .
, (3-33) y K , :
) ,
= u Z 1 (3-34)
, ;
) , ,
( -1)
y K1 = y K2 =.= y K(p-1) = K / p
. (3-35)
, , .. , , . . S = K = Z . , .
3.18.
- ( ) .
- :
1. Z (), , (c), .
t 1 10 .
t 1/2 , - .
2. , (Z ). : , , , . , , .
|
|
3.18 () - () Z = S = K=21;
y K1 = y K2 = 7; yK = 6; y 1 = 3; = 3
3. . N 1=1 N n=1+y1 ( 3.19 3.20) , 1.
( 3.19) ( ) 1 2. 1 2, , t K . N n, (N n = N 1 + y K = 1 + y K).
3.19 -
Z = S = K =18; = 2; y 1 = 4; y K =1
3.20 -
Z = S = K =19; p = 2; y 1 = 4; y K =9
(1 +y 1) ( 1 +yK) ( 3.20) , N n . N n,
, . . .
, , Z .
y1, . , N 1, , , N n = N 1 + y 1, .
. , , , , t K = t 1 Z /(Z -1).
4. - , ( ), .. /2 . ( ) , ( ).
- (. 3.21). , . , -. 2 , .
|
|
3.21 , , 3.19 3.20 .
3.21 ()
() ,
3.19 3.20
3.3.2 1, 2 2 IV
1.
nH,
, []. (3-36)
, (3-37)
2 ;
1 , , 1 = U H I 1.
I H = P / ŋ U .. i % = (I / I )100% i % , I .
I H I , I a.
R a = D P a/ ; (3-38)
R B = U H/ I H. (3-39)
, n = f (I a) I a = (0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1,25) I a.
, (3-40)
= , .
n0 = U H/E. (3-41)
n 0, n H n = f (M) (. . 3.1.6).
(3-42)
åD = D +D +D , ,
D , D = ;
D P , D = D = U H I = const;
D , , D , = const.
, :
(3-43)
. (3-44)
h = f(Ia)
(3-45)
h = f (I a)
I a = I a 0 4 R a
,
å R = Ra + R .
2. .
, ,
1 = +D +D +D (3-46)
I H = P 1H/ U H. (3-47)
n H
= 9,55 / n H, (3.48)
(), n (/).
: Ra = ; (3-49)
. (3-50)
Ia = (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8) I % = f (i %),
i %= , % = , I = i % I /100, = % /100.
, I = I ,
, (3-51)
% i %; c E ,
.
n = f (I a). % = f (i %), = f (I a) I a = (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8) I .
= I H, = / I H. ( I a)
. (3-52)
n = f (I a) M = f (I a), n = f (M).