() [1, . 136 141], [2, . 91 104], [3, . 87 100], [4, . 101 111].
.
1) d .
2) [ s ] sT . [ s ] , .
[ s ] = s / [ s ], (6.1)
s - , ; [ s ] - .
, , [ s ]=1,9... 2,3, - [ s ]=2,9... 3,5; 30 %.
[ t ] = 60 100 ( ).
. , , . [ s ] = 80 120 HB ≤ 350 [ s ] = 120 200 HB > 350. .
3) .
) . . b h 4 l
l . (6.2)
l = l + b ( 4). l 8...10 . l ≥ 1, 5 d, .
, , (), .
. (6.3)
, , .
) . 5. , .
|
|
. (6.4)
(6.3), l = l.
) .
d ( ) l d:
d (0,13 0,16) d; l (3 4) d (6.5)
( 8).
- ( 6.8) T.
, .
. (6.6)
(), , (. (4.29) [1, . 137])
(6.7)
, , , .
- ( 6.2).
. , , .
, (6.8)
i - .
) .
s. s , [ s ] . .
( 6 7) l (. 4.30 [1, .140])
, (6.9)
K ( ), K = 1,1 1,5.
.
, ; (6.10)
d m = mz, h = m. (6.11)
, l > 1,5 d, , .
l = l + 4... 6 .
6.3
6.3.1 d = 55 ( 6.11). - 40, - 45, l = 72 , T = 500 ͷ .
. 1 , ( 4) : b = 16 , h = 10 , t 1 = 6 . (. . 2, ) l = l - 10 = 62 , ( 4) l = 63 ;
|
|
l = l - b = 63 16 = 47 .
23360 78.
2 . 45 ( ) s = 290 ( 1) [ s ] = 2,5 (. . 2) (6.1)
[ s ] = s / [ s ] = 290 / 2,5 = 116 .
3 (. (4.29) [1, . 137])
.
6.3.2 ( 6.12). d = 35 , = 65 . = 200 ͷ . - 45 (s = 290 ), 40 (s = 600 ). (HB ≥ 350). .
. 1 . .
2 7 , . d = 35 , z d D = ; f = 0,4 .
3 [ s ] = 80 (. . 2).
4 (6.10)
= 39 ,
= 2,2 .
(6.9)
,
< [ s ].
6.3.3 ( ) T = 1,5103 ; d = 60 . . l = 60 .
. 1 6 = 3 ( =1,5 ).
, d = 60 , = 3 , z = 18.
2 = 80 .
3 (6.11)
d m = mz = 318 = 54 , h = m = 3 .
4 .
.
6.3.4 , 45, ( 35) ( . 6.8). ( 6) ( ). , : P = 10 , n = 980 /, d = 35 .
. 1 , ,
= 97,5 ͷ = 97,5103 ͷ.
2 d l (6.5):
d (0,13 0,16) d = 0,15 35 = 5,25 , d = 6 ;
l (3 4) d = 4 6 = 24 , l = 30 .
3 (. . 2) 35, , s = 260 [ s ] = 3,0; (6.1)
[ s ] = 260 / 3 = 87 .
[ t ] = 80 .
4 (6.7)
≤ [ s ].
5 (6.6)
≤ [ τ ];
8 66 ´ 30 3128- 70.
7 . -
7.1
1. ( 7.1, 7.1). F. - 18. .
7.1
F, | ||||||||||
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2. . , F ( 7.2, 7.2). - . .
7.2
F, | ||||||||||
3. ( 7.3) , . b = p / 24. , . F 7.3.
7.3
F, | 7,5 | |||||||||
4. ( 7.4) F , 7.4. - 15. .
7.4
F, | ||||||||||
5. ( 7.5). 2F, , 7.5. - . .
7.5
F, | ||||||||||
6. , F ( 7.6), ( 7.6). - . .
7.6
F, | ||||||||||
7. , F ( 7.7, 7.7). , . . 10. .
7.7
F, | ||||||||||
8. ( 7.8). F 7.8. l. - . .
7.8
F, | ||||||||||
9. l ( 7.9). F 7.9. - . .
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7.9
F, | ||||||||||
10. ( 7.10). F 7.10. - 18. .
7.10
F, | ||||||||||