, - , , , . .
- .
. , . .
() , , , , . , , , . , , , . , ( , , ). , .
3. :
, . , , , . :
v - , ( ) , 1 . (, , ). , ( ) . , ( ) ( , ).
v () , (). .
v , . . , . .
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1. . R = / × 100.
2. R = / × 100
3. ( + - ) R = / ( + ) × 100
, .
4. . R = / (+) × 100 + . .
5. R = / ×100
, .
6. R = / * 100 = [ ∑(-)*Q / ∑Q*P] × 100 ( , ).
7. R = / × 100 .
8.
R = / × 100
.
:
1. ,
=(-/)/() ,
( )/( )
= /
2. ,
= /(+ )
= / ()
= /()
3. ,
= /( )
= /()
= /( )
R = / * 100