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:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




, - , , , . .

- .

. , . .

 

() , , , , . , , , . , , , . , ( , , ). , .

3. :

 

, . , , , . :

v - , ( ) , 1 . (, , ). , ( ) . , ( ) ( , ).

v () , (). .

v , . . , . .

1. . R = / × 100.

2. R = / × 100

3. ( + - ) R = / ( + ) × 100

, .

4. . R = / (+) × 100 + . .

5. R = / ×100

, .

6. R = / * 100 = [ ∑(-)*Q / ∑Q*P] × 100 ( , ).

7. R = / × 100 .

8.

R = / × 100

.

:

1. ,

=(-/)/() ,

( )/( )

= /

2. ,

= /(+ )

= / ()

= /()

3. ,

= /( )

= /()

= /( )

R = / * 100

 

 





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