Nouns and noun phrases
accommodation -
assembling -
auxiliary machinery -
awning - ,
boat handling gear - ()
boat handling gear -
boiler room -
boiler shop - ,
bracing - , ,
bracing -
bracket - ,
cable boxes -
devic - ,
evaporator -
fitting out - , , ,
fitting out work - ,
foundation - ,
frame ,
grinder or milling machines -
housing - , ,
insulation -
integrating - ,
labour - ,
laying the cables -
life-jacket case -
light partitions -
mooring - ,
mooring equipment -
outlets -
partitions - ,
piping -
plant - , ,
propulsive machinery -
quarter - ,
receiving and transmitting devices -
rigging - ,
sail-making work -
spacing pieces -
stepping the mast -
support -
tarpaulin - ,
to file to a checking templates -
working units -
alculations -
Verbs and verbal phrases
to apply -
to carry out - ,
to commence -
to cover -
to fasten -
to file - ,
to fit up - ,
to fix
to handle - .-.,
to insert - ,
to install -
to involve - ( )
to machine -
to mount -
to receive -
to separate -
to set in position -
to simplify -
to speed up -
to tow - ,
to transmit -
to treat -
to weld -
Adjectives
portable - ,
pneumatic -
standing -
running -
excellent -
completed -
immense -
moving -
auxiliary - ,
propulsive -
common - ,
certain -
Adverbs
merely - , ;
READING
Translate the text into the Russian language.
TEXT D
Installations
1) Hull Installation Work:
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The term installation or fitting out work means the combination of very wide range of different operations included in equipping and fitting out ships, performed after the principle hull structures have been assembled and welded. This work includes: the installation of light partitions, bulkheads and various types of bracing, the painting and insulation of the ship, the installation of the machinery, systems and devices, the equipment of the accommodation and quarters, etc.
The first stage in the work of installation on a ship is installing fittings in the sections. This enables the work to be carried out by parallel method, with the installation work commenced at an early stage in building the ship.
With modern methods of shipbuilding the installation of fittings (rudder, anchor and hoisting equipment, boat handling gear, towing and mooring equipment, etc.) begins while sections are being fitted up and welded, and the most of the work is performed on the building berth.
Installing of the systems on a ship includes piping, machinery and instruments for moving liquids, steam or air, and controlling their temperature, pressure and so on.
The rigging and sailmaking work is done by the rigging shop as follows: making and installing the standing and running rigging, stepping the masts, assembling the anchor fittings and installing the rigging of the boat handing gear.
The sail making work consists of producing awnings, tarpaulins and sails, covers for deck machinery, gear and instruments, flags, life-jacket cases, stair carpets, curtains, etc., and installing all these on board ship.
When all metal parts have been assembled, welded and fitted they are specially treated to protect them against corrosion.
2) Electrical Installation:
Every year the amount of electrical equipment on all types of ship, and the amount of electrical installation work performed during their construction, are increasing. Automatic control and mechanization are developing rapidly, and there are excellent prospects for using electric drives on a large scale and for the complete electrification of machinery and fittings on ships.
Tens of kilometers, and in large ships hundreds of kilometers, of cable are used for connecting up the great number of different types of plant, apparatus, receiving and transmitting devices and instruments at different points on board ship. Immense numbers of adapters, bridges, panels, brackets, packing boxes, cable boxes and pipes, installation frameworks, and different types of fastening device have to be made and installed for the purpose of laying the cables. A great numbers of foundations, frames, brackets, supports, outlets, etc., also have to be made and installed to take the different types of plant, apparatus, receiving and transmitting devices and instruments. Tens of thousands of cable ends have to be separated, marked, fixed, channeled, insulated and earthed in order to create the closed electrical circuits. The total amount of work involved in installing the electrical equipment now amounts to about 10% of all the work in building a ship.
3) Installation of the Auxiliary Machinery:
According to the method by which it is installed, the auxiliary machinery can be subdivided into four categories:
1) machinery supplied to the ship in the form of individual complete assemblies; these have to be aligned on the ship and fixed to the foundations on wedges (for instance, the steering machinery); 2) machinery including power and working units in the same housing (for instance, turbine and electric pumps); 3) machinery mounted on one foundation frame by means of which it is connected to the ship's foundations (diesel generators and compressors, etc.); 4) machinery with no moving parts (ejector pumps, filters, evaporators, etc.).
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Before the auxiliary machinery is installed a check is carried out to ensure that the foundation for the machinery is correctly positioned relative to the base planes and that the dimensions of the supporting surfaces correspond to those shown on the drawings.
The supporting surfaces of the foundations for machinery in the first and second categories are machined using portable (pneumatic) grinders or milling machines, and are filed to a checking template in the same way as the foundations for shaft-line bearings or the main propulsive machinery.
Machinery of the third and fourth categories is usually mounted on hardwood spacing pieces (oak, ash or teak), and the supporting surfaces of the foundations are not machined, merely dressed. The wooden spacing pieces made in the shop, with an allowance for adjustment on the spot. The spacing pieces are fitted to the dressed supporting surface of the foundation and set in position on studs.
4) Installation of Boilers:
The principle of integrating into combinations greatly reduces the labour and time required for installing boilers. To simplify and speed up the installation of boilers a considerable amount of work which was previously performed on the building berth or while prefabricating the blocks is now performed in the boiler shop (or at the boiler making works); this includes the adjustment and installation of fittings and fireboxes; the installation of the piping in the boiler; the installation of base plates, insulation of the boilers, etc. The boilers are supplied to the ship fully fitted out for installation, i.e., in the form of integrated combinations of equipment. Installation of the main boilers can commence as soon as the basic hull welding is complete and the watertightness tests have been made in the boiler room region.
New methods of installing water tube boilers as integrated combinations of equipment have therefore been worked out; with these methods there is no need for machining the supporting surfaces of the boiler foundations: the boiler is installed using an intermediate frame or intermediate parts in the foundation. In this case the boiler foundation pedestals are as it were separated into two parts in depth; the upper parts of these pedestals are connected together by box girders into a separate frame called the "intermediate frame". When the intermediate frame has been assembled and welded, the supporting surfaces of its pedestals are machined. The frame is now transported to the assembly stand, and when it has been checked and fixed in position the boiler is fully assembled on it. The boiler supports are finally fixed to the frame pedestals, and spacing pieces are inserted into the gaps at the moving supports in order to fix their position.
At present the principle of integrating into combinations is applied to auxiliary machinery and the apparatus and devices associated with it, which are mounted on the same foundation frame; the principle is also applied to integrating machinery and devices in common housings. Calculations have shown that, in certain cases, the integration of auxiliary machinery on common foundation frames reduces the weight of the foundations by 20-25%, reduces the amount of labour required for their fabrication by 75%, and reduces the labour required for their installation on board ship by 60-70%; the amount of piping used is also reduced.
FOLLOW UP
33. Read the texts of Unit III again, make notes under the following headings. Then use your notes to talk about Shipbuilding.
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1. Ship structure.
2. Methods of hull shaping.
3. Devices to be installed.
| UNIT IV | |
| MODERN WORLDWIDE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY |
VOCABULARY
