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Render the text into English and say whether Russia should enter the WTO or not and explain your point of view.

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Render the text into Russian and say whether you have changed your attitude to Russias entrance to the WTO.

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Melting Pot

 

A. Look at the headings. They can be used to describe the main points of the passages. In what order do you expect to find them in the article? What do you expect the writer to say in each of them?

a. Consequences of European asylum laws

b. A difficult choice between two models

c. A troubling new dilemma for European politicians

d. A demographic trend in Europe

e. Measures to manage and control immigration

 

B. Read the article and match the passages with the headings. Dont forget that the same point can be expressed in two and more passages.

 

To the typical man on the street of old Europe, enlargement means more workers moving across more borders to take more jobslegally. The accession of 10 new members on May 1 also means new, often porous borders for job seekers arriving from outside the EUillegally. This isn't necessarily bad news, from an economic standpoint. But no matter how many studies attest to the theoretical benefits of immigration, the natives still get restlessand so do politicians.

In this climate of unease, a fierce debate has surfaced in Britain and drawn attention across Europe. It emerged not from the political right, where most immigration issues erupt, but from the left, where European progressives are pondering a troubling new dilemma: will mass immigration be the undoing of Europe's cherished welfare state?

The argument goes like this: immigration brings diversity, which erodes the sense of shared values and solidarity that has kept enlightened European socialism alive in a world of free markets and rampant capitalism. Those debating the point talk of models. They look at Sweden and see a fairly homogenous society of taxpayers happy to fork over 60 percent of their income in exchange for generous social benefits. They look at America and see a wildly diverse society whose taxes under 30 percent, on average provide for only the flimsiest of safety nets. No national health insurance, no long-term unemployment benefits, no security of the sort that Western Europeans take for granted. As immigration, legal and illegal, begins to transform much of Europe into a melting pot, they realize they may soon face a set of seemingly impossible choices. Will their Europe of the future remain like Sweden, or become more like America? And is there a trade-off between solidarity and diversity, such that Europe's social-welfare states can survive?

The choice may not be quite that stark. But clearly, immigration will reshape Europe. Its population is aging rapidly, dragging down economic growth and putting tremendous pressure on underfunded pensions.

Enlargement will do little to ease Europe's demographic bind. Birth rates in Estonia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic are among the lowest in the world. Immigration from outside the new 25-member EU will therefore become essential to Europe's economic well-being. But that very fact will force adjustments. Europe's sizable non-Christian minority is already the fastest-growing segment of the continental population, and in some countries that has become a source of deep anxiety. The Netherlands, by some estimates, will have a school-age Muslim majority by 2050.

Such trends cannot help but have a major impact on social policy. Unlike the United States, where large-scale (but relatively well-managed) immigration has helped boost American productivity and entrepreneurship, Europe has largely discouraged economic immigration. The result: migrants from around the world found the only way to live and work in Europe was, in effect, to break in and claim asylum.

One consequence has been to rob Europe of much of the beneficial effects of foreign labor. Through the early 1990s, Germany had no comprehensive immigration policy. It did have one of the world's most liberal asylum laws, and attracted more than 1 million refugees during just a few years. The laws have since changed and the numbers declined, but immigrants remain disproportionately dependent on state assistance: 8.3 percent of immigrants are on welfare, compared with 3.3 percent of native Germans. Similarly, joblessness among immigrants (21.2 percent) is more than twice that of the German-born population.

The picture was much the same across the rest of Europe. And politicians reacted in much the same way. Germany began turning away refugees. It sped up deportation procedures and cut welfare payments. Asylum applications are now down to about 50,000 a year.

This climate of fear still rules. In advance of the May 1 enlargement, alarmed by the prospect of invading East European job seekers, Denmark's conservative government passed a law granting benefits to immigrants only after they've been in the country for seven years, Germanys socialists, along with most other EU governments, adopted similar measures. The barriers take different forms, from residency tests and waiting periods to outright prohibitions. But these are little more than stopgaps. With time, more-enlightened measures will surely be adopted. Britain, France, Germany and Spain, in fact, are moving toward U.S.-style policies. By managing and controlling immigration, they hope to reap the economic benefits of immigration while muting public unease.

But will it work? The fact is Europe's future is a huge and irreversible social experiment. Europe needs to get it right.

Newsweek. 2005

 

C. Summarize the text.

 

Render the text into English and give your idea of globalization. Does it coincide with the authors?

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