, (). , , , , , , .. , MIB ( ).
, ( ) .
, , , , , . , F, G, (WS ). .
, -, , , , , SDH, , .. , - .
- :
;
( alarm);
, ;
;
..
, ITU-T X.700, 5- :
CM (Configuration Management),
FM (Faults Management),
PM (Performance Management),
AM (Account Management, Billing),
() SM (Security Management).
.73, .74, .800 .3 .
. SNMP/UDP/IP/Ethernret, .
1.2.1 IETF (TCP-UDP/IP)
2 ISO.
|
|
OSI-ISO | IETF | ||
(HP_OV, TNG, ) | |||
SNMP ( 161, 162) | |||
TCP, UDP | |||
(WAN) | IP | ||
(LAN, MAN) | Ethernet, ATM, FR, LAPD, | ||
2 SNMP/UDP/IP/Ethernet
, SNMP/UDP/IP/Ethernet:
SNMP- UDP/IP/Ethernet, .
3 , .
Ethernet | IP | UDP | SNMP | ||||||||||||||||
14 | 20 | 8 | ( ) | ||||||||||||||||
DA | SA | Type 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Version | Header Length | ToS | IP- | ID | Flags 3 | TTL | protocol (SAP) | CRC | IP SA | IP DA | |||||||||
UDP-port ( ) 16 | UDP-port () 16 | UDP- 16 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
3 Ethernet/IP/UDP | |||||||||||||||||||
SNMP BER (X.209) T-L-V (--).
PDU ( ).
SNMP (SNMPv1) PDU (Get, Get-next, Set, Response Trap), .
SNMP .
SNMP, - . .
SNMP. T-L-V ASN.1 BER.
Version (INTEGER) | Community (OCTET STRING) | SNMP-PDUs ( ) |
T-L-V | T-L-V | T L- V |
4 SNMP
PDU-SNMP .
PDUs SNMP Get, Get-next, Set Response (T-L-V) | ||||||||
Request ID (get, set, response) | Error status | Error index | Variable bindings | |||||
T L- V | T-L-V | T-L-V | T L- V | |||||
PDU SNMP Trap (T-L-V) | ||||||||
Enterprise | Agent Address | Generic Trap Type | Specific Trap code | Time stamp | Variable bindings | |||
T L- V | T-L-V | T-L-V | T-L-V | T-L-V | T L- V | |||
5 SNMP
2. SNMP
2.1
|
|
SNMP .
SNMP, :
- , .. SNMP;
- MIB SNMP ASN.1 ( ISO 8824:1987, ITU-T .208);
- MIB (MIB-I, MIB-II, RMON, RMON 2), ISO.
SNMP . SNMP , ADSL, ATM . .
SNMP TCP/IP. SNMP , , MIB (Management Information Base).
SNMP MIB SNMP, MIB I MIB II. SNMP .
.
, , SNMP MIB.
SNMP , , , MIB .
, SNMP, , , .
SNMP , .
- MIB (management information base) , MIB , - (. 2.3.3 MIB).
, MIB, , . MIB ISO ITU-T () , (private) , MIB.
SNMP, , :
MIB
MIB
2.1.1 SNMP
IETF 1990- RFC-1157 .
SNMP , SNMPv1 :
,
.
SNMPv2 (RFC-19011910)
SNMPv3 (RFC-34103419).
Simple - .
|
|
SNMP, (MIB), SNMPv2, SNMPv3.
SNMP, , MIB .
SNMP , , , ..
2.1.2 SNMP
(RFC-1157), , , .
, SNMPv1 , (, ):
. . community string. SNMP , , community string , , . , .
- . UDP ( SNMP) ( trap) , .
- . SNMP- , - . SNMP- , . . , , .
. , HP OpenView Telecom DM TMN, TMN ISO, SNMP, SNMP .
2.1.3 SNMP I
CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol), ITU-T () , SNMP, , .
SNMP , I , , .
- I , SNMP. - , SNMP, , .
- CMIP , , .
- SNMP , CMIP .
- SNMP MIB ( RMON MIB), MIB .
- CMIP , .
- CMIP , , , .
:
|
|
, :
1. () . , Management Information Base, MIB.
2. , ( ).
3. , .
4. TMN .
5. . .
6. : SNMP, , CMIP. SNMP C, ISO/ITU-T .
7. SNMP , :
o ;
o , ;
o SNMP UDP get set ;
o trap, , , .
o MI SNMP , .
o MI :
o MIB-I , MIB-II . RMON MIB , , Ethernet Token Ring. MIB Internet ISO.
8. ISO/ITU-T - . , .
9. () OSI GDMO, , ASN.1.
10. , OSI : , .
2.2 () SNMP.
SNMP -. - , () .
PDU-SNMP, () .
SNMP- - PDU.
, ("trap" - ). (Response) .
( SNMPv1) GetRequest, GetNextRequest, SetRequest.
, SNMPv1 5 - (PDU).
- GetRequest PDU . MIB. Get.
- GetNextRequest PDU . . MIB, . GetNext.
- SetRequest PDU MIB. Set. Set . , , , , , . , .
- GetResponse PDU GetRequest, GetNextRequest, SetRequest. , , Set, Set. Reply Response.
- Trap PDU , ( alarm). OID, , , MIB- .
(. . 6):
|
|
1. - , ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. , MIB, - .
. 6 SNMP
, GetRequest-PDU, GetNextRequest-PDU, SetRequest-PDU, , , GetResponse-PDU Trap-PDU, .
UDP 161. (trap) UDP 162. , .
SNMP , .
.7 SNMP- Get, GetNext Set Response.
7 SNMP
SNMP T-L-V (--), BER, ITU-T X.209.
SNMP (. . 8):
SNMP | PDU ( Get, GetNext, Set, Response) | ( MIB, ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Community) | PDU | PDU | (Tag) | (L) | (Value) | |||||||||||||||||
Vers 1 | : public | . .1 | 0 232-1 | . .2 | . | *** | **** | (Tag) | (L) | |||||||||||||
T | L | V | T | L | V | T | L | V | T | L | V | T | L | V | T | L | V | T | L | T | L | V |
8 SNMP-, UDP-
SNMP , (, , , ).
SNMP- :
. 1 (Version 1, .. SNMP ).
. SNMPv1 Community, (). , public , .
PDU (Protocol Data Unit ). () , , (, , , ..). .1.
1 SNMP
SNMP/ Tagbin | PDU | PDU | |
dec | Tag hex | ||
SNMP | |||
GET-request/ 10 1 00000 | a0 | ; | |
GET_next_request/ 10 1 00001 | a1 | , ( MIB); | |
GET response/ 10 1 00010 | a2 | GET-request, GET_next_request SET-request. ( ); | |
SET-request/ 10 1 00011 | a3 | . , ; | |
TRAP/ 10 1 00100 | a4 | . | |
SNMP (2 3) , (. ). | |||
GetBulkRequest/ (v2) | a5 | , , . | |
InformRequest/ (v2) | a6 | MIB. | |
SNMPv3-Trap/ (v3) | a7 | ( v1 v2). | |
Report (v3) | ( ). |