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1

. Microsoft.NET

C# 2000 Microsoft. ( 1980- Turbo Pascal).

C# C, C++ Java. , , . C# -, ++. ++ C#. # , .NET.

.NET :

;

, .

, , .

, ( ).

.NET Framework (Common Language Runtime), ( ) (Managed Code). , , . , , , , , , , , .

, , .NET, :

-, - , , . : , . , ( - ), . , (: , ).

, (: ), : , , , , , . , , .

, , .NET-. , .NET Framework,.NET- , .NET Framework Microsoft Windows. Framework Linux ( Mono), Linux Windows, .

.NET : Common Language Runtime .NET Framework Class Library.

CLR (Common Language Runtime, ) , .NET, CIL (Common Intermediate Language ). , , , .

NET Framework Class Library , . , -, , , . -, FCL , . .NET Framework FCL BCL (. Base Class Library ).

, ( ), , , .

.NET Framework : (value-types) (reference-types). , (), .NET Framework managed heap.

C# : char, byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long ulong. char , , . . :

:

int param = 170;

int paramBase16 = 0xaa;

 

. C# : float double. . , float 32 , 5E-45 3,4E+38. double 64 , 5E-324 1,7+308.

float , . double , float, (15 ).

:

float f = 12.3F;

decimal, . 128 1-28 7,9+28. . decimal, 28 . , , .

:

decimal totalMoney = 2005m, workedHours = 263m;

decimal ratePerHour = totalMoney / workedHours;

// 7,6235741444866920152091254753

.NET Framework char

Unicode. Unicode , 21- , code point ( ), UTF-16, , 16- .

, char 16- .

:

char char1 = 'A';

char char2 = 'V';

bool compare = 'A' > 'V'; //false

 

.NET Framework object string.

string (.NET Class: System.String) .

String , :

Compare

Concat .

Copy .

Equals .

Remove .

Replace .

Split ,

.

# - , . ѻ . , , 100 ( ).

# - , .

C# . :

L long;

F float;

D double;

M decimal;

U ( U , ).

:

10D // double

10F // float

10M // decimal

10 // int

10L // long

10UL // unsigned long

, , :

\a

\b

\f

\n

\r

\t

\v

\0 - ( )

\ , " ' \

:

"Hello \"World\"!\n" // Hello "World"!


 

2

, . C# type-safe . , C# (C# compiler) , . C# (strongly typed) , . :

_ _;

_ _ = ;

 

(initial value) . , C# .

:

double a, b = 5;

double result = a / b; // "",

#, - ( ). . . :

int SomeVar; //

int somevar; //

int _SomeVar; //

int SomeVar2; //

int 3_SomeVar; //

C# -. SomeVar somevar, . , , , @. .

:

int @int;

.NET . , .NET , , , :

Pascal case convention ( ) . . . () .

:

double SomeVariable;

int EveryWordStartsWithUpperCharacter;

Camel case convention Pascal case, , , , .

:

int someVariable;

double totalCount;

Uppercase convention , . , .

, . ( - , Camel, - Uppercase convertion).

, . , . , .

:

{

//first block

}

 

if (a > 5) {

//another block

}

 

int someFunction() {

//one more block

}

 

.

. :

int someFunc() {

//block A

int a = 5;

if (a > 2) {

//block B

a += 2;

int b = a;

if (b == 7) {

//block C

int c = 1;

a = a + b + c;

}

//c += 2;

}

//b = 0;

return a;

}

: A, B, C. "". B a, b. C a,b,c.

, .

# :

( ) (value-types)

(referenced types).

, . , , , . : , , , , ( , ).

, X 10 Y X, X, Y , X . :

int x = 10;

int y = x;

x = x 5;

//x = 5, y = 10

. . :

SomeObject a = new SomeObject(); //

SomeObject b = a; // , a,b

//a.changeState(1); , b

SomeObject c = new SomeObject()

c.changeState(2);

b = c;

// a 1

// b,c 2

( ) . :

(implicit) ( ).

(explicit) (, , ).

. .

, , . , . , double , float ( double ). , float double , float. , , double c . ( int) . , , . , . :

float a = 3.5f;

int b = 5;

float c = a + b; // c = 8.5

int d = a + b; //

:

byte: short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double, decimal

sbyte: short, int, long, float, double, decimal

short: int, long, float, double, decimal

ushort: int, uint, long, ulong, float, double, decimal

int: long, float, double, decimal

uint: long, ulong, float, double, decimal

long: float, double, decimal

ulong: float, double, decimal

char: ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double, decimal

float:double

. :

int d =(int) a + b; //d = 8

:

float a = 4.9, b = 4.9;

int result1 = (int)a + (int)b; //a->4, b->4; result1 = 4+4 = 8

int result2 = (int)(a + b); //a+b=9.8; 9.8->9; result2 = 9

:

byte: Sbyte char

sbyte: byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char

short: sbyte, byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char

ushort: sbyte, byte, short, char

int: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, uint, ulong, char

uint: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, char

long: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, ulong, char

ulong: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, char

char: sbyte, byte, short

float: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, decimal

double: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, decimal

decimal: sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, double

3

( ), , .

# :

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

, . , , ,

. , , ( # ) .

- .

(-) . , . , .

, :

++ ++ -- .

:

int a = 5, b = -3;

int c = a > b? 14: 12; // c=14

int d = ++a * c; // a=6 d=84

int e = d-- / a; //e=14 d=83

e = d / a; //e=13

int firstDigitOfD = d % 10; //3

int secondDigitOfD = d / 10 % 10; //8

string message1 = "d = " + secondDigitOfD + firstDigitOfD; // "d = 83"

string message2 = " d =" + (secondDigitOfD + firstDigitOfD); //" d = 9"

string message3 = "d - " + (d % 2 == 0? "": "") + " "; //"d - "

a = 7;

b = 2;

c = 4;

d += a / b * c < c * a / b? 1: -1; // a/b*c=12; c*a/b=14; 12<14 d = 84

int zero = 0;

zero = 5 / zero; // DivideByZeroException: .

double infinity = 1.0 / 0.0; //infinity=

--infinity; //infinity=

, , , (True or False), .

= = != , >, <, >=, <= , .

:

2 > 7 //false

2!= 4// true

8 < 10//true

my == my//true

false == true//false

// true > false //!!!

, (true or false). .

() , .

:

int a = 1, b = 3, c;

c = a > b && a++ % 2 == 0? 1: 0; // c=0;

bool even = a % 2 ==0; //false

a = 1;

b = 3;

c = a > b & a++ % 2 == 0? 1: 0; // c=0; a=2

even = a % 2 ==0; //true

. . . .

, .

:

int a = 10;

int b = 1;

int result = a >> b;// 2

//, 1, 2

, .

(=). # , . # = . :

int , b, c;

a = b = c = 58;

, . , .

, . # :

++() - - ()

! ~ + () () ++ () - - ()

* / %

+ -

>> <<

< > <= >=

= =!=

&

^

|

&&

| |

, . . .

- , . :

< 34 Sity! = " "

C - , . :

a > 2 && a < 10 ( 2 10)

a > 5 || b > 5 ( 5 b 5)

!(a < 0) ( , 0)

if

, , .

if . :

.

if:

if ( ) ;

++:





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