| 1. Construction industry. | A. . |
| 2. To vary. | B. . |
| 3. Tiers of careers. | C. . |
| 4. Educational background. | D. . |
| 5. Common. | E. . |
| 6. Unskilled. | F. . |
| 7. Semi-skilled. | G. . |
| 8. General site labourer. | H. . |
| 9. Construction qualification. | I. . |
| 10. Skilled. | J. |
| 11. On-site manager. | K. . |
| 12. Craft. | L. -. |
| 13. Personnel. | M. . |
| 14. Vocational. | N. . |
| 15. On the job apprenticeship training. | O. . |
| 16. To commence. | P. . |
| 17. Civil engineer. | Q. . |
| 18. Building services engineer. | R. -. |
| 19. Project manager. | S. . |
| 20. Quantity surveyor. | T. . |
| 21. To hold more legal responsibility. | U. . |
Exercise 3. Read and translate the text.
CONSTRUCTION CAREERS
There are many routes to different careers within the construction industry which vary by country. However, there are three main tiers of careers based on educational background which are common internationally:
unskilled and semi-skilled general site labourers with little or no construction qualifications;
skilled on-site managers who possess extensive knowledge and experience in their craft or profession;
technical and management personnel with the greatest educational qualifications, usually graduate degrees, trained to design, manage and instruct the construction process.
Fig. 1. Tiers of Careers in Construction
Skilled occupations in the UK require further education qualifications, often in vocational subject areas. These qualifications are either obtained directly after the completion of compulsory education or through on the job apprenticeship training. In the UK, 8500 construction-related apprenticeships were commenced in 2007.
Technical and specialized occupations require more training as greater technical knowledge is required. The professions, like a civil engineer, a building services engineer, a project manager, a quantity surveyor, a structural engineer and others hold more legal responsibility.
Exercise 4. Answer the questions.
1. Are construction careers the same in different countries?
2. What is the first tier of construction careers characterized by?
3. What is specific about the second tier of construction careers?
4. What is the third tier of construction careers based on?
5. How are further education qualifications obtained in Britain?
6. How many construction-related apprenticeships were commenced in Britain in 2007?
7. What professions require more legal responsibility?
