4
, - .
, - .
XIX , 2-10 ., 5000 .. . .
, XIX . . . , - , . , .
.
1680 . 200. , .
. , .
. 1,18÷1,21 / . . , , . 0,3 .
.
, , ; . . - . . .
, . XX . .
|
|
1858 . . 2,6 . 8300 ..
, XIX . 4 .
2,5 - 3 (1,18 - 1,21 /.). . " ", "" 1,35 /.. 140 (10,84 /.), , .
, 1786 . (Oliver Evans, Cornwall) , , 50-60% .
1791 . (Nathan Read, of Salem, Mass.) , . 0.25 0.5 (6.35-12.7 ) . 100 ft (30,5 ), 1.25" (32 ), - 4-5" (100-120 ). , , . , .
16 . . .
(30-40 ) , . , (), . .