8,533 | 8,818 | ||
7,119 | 5,474 | ||
2,534 | 4,328 | ||
2,458 | 2,418 | ||
2,313 | 2,235 | ||
2,272 | 2,170 | ||
1,915 | 1,716 | ||
1,752 | 1,355 | ||
1,752 | 1,301 | ||
1,715 | 1,239 |
, , 20 , : - Royal Dutch/Shell, Anglo-Persian Oil Company ( British Petroleum) Standard Oil of New Jersey ( Exxon), Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), Standard Oil of California, Texas Company (Texaco), Gulf Oil ( ). - , , . , , , 1951 . , . .
. (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC) 1014 1960 . , , , ( ). , , ( ): (1961), (1962) (1962), (1967), (1969), (1971), (1973-1992, 2007), (1975-1994), (2007). - .
1980- . , , : - (NYMEX), (SIMEX) (ICE Futures), ( - , , , ..).
|
|
XX . ( ) ( , ). 5% . ( 95%) . . , , , .
, . , . , , . (55%) (20%) , - (23%) .
, . , . , . . .
, , . , , . , , . . , , , . . , , . , , () .