.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


, 2011 .




8,533 8,818
7,119 5,474
2,534 4,328
2,458 2,418
2,313 2,235
2,272 2,170
1,915 1,716
1,752 1,355
1,752 1,301
1,715 1,239

 

, , 20 , : - Royal Dutch/Shell, Anglo-Persian Oil Company ( British Petroleum) Standard Oil of New Jersey ( Exxon), Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), Standard Oil of California, Texas Company (Texaco), Gulf Oil ( ). - , , . , , , 1951 . , . .

. (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC) 1014 1960 . , , , ( ). , , ( ): (1961), (1962) (1962), (1967), (1969), (1971), (1973-1992, 2007), (1975-1994), (2007). - .

1980- . , , : - (NYMEX), (SIMEX) (ICE Futures), ( - , , , ..).

XX . ( ) ( , ). 5% . ( 95%) . . , , , .

, . , . , , . (55%) (20%) , - (23%) .

, . , . , . . .

, , . , , . , , . . , , , . . , , . , , () .

 





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