This is a list of current members of the Royal Family:
* HM The Queen and HRH The Duke of Edinburgh (her consort)
* TRH The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall (The Queen's eldest son and his wife)
** HRH Prince William of Wales (The Prince of Wales's elder son)
** HRH Prince Henry of Wales
* HRH The Duke of York (The Queen's second son)
** HRH Princess Beatrice of York (The Duke of York's elder daughter)
** HRH Princess Eugenie of York (The Duke of York's younger daughter)
* TRH The Earl and Countess of Wessex (The Queen's third son and his wife)
**Viscount Severn (The Earl of Wessex's son)
**Lady Louise Windsor (The Earl of Wessex's daughter)
* HRH The Princess Royal (The Queen's daughter)
* TRH The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester (The Queen's cousin and his wife)
* TRH The Duke and Duchess of Kent (The Queen's cousin and his wife)
* TRH Prince and Princess Michael of Kent (The Queen's cousin and his wife)
* HRH Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (The Queen's cousin)
The list of Commonwealth countries
Country Date Status
Antigua and Barbuda 19 Realm
Australia 1931 Realm
The Bahamas 1973 Realm
Bangladesh 1972 Republic
Barbados 1966 Realm
Belize 1981 Realm
Botswana 1966 Republic
Brunei 1984 Monarchy
Cameroon 1995 Republic
Canada 1931 Realm
Cyprus 1961 Republic
Dominica 1978 Republic
Fiji 1970 (rejoined in 1997 after 10 year lapse) Republic
The Gambia 1965 Republic
Ghana 1957 Republic
Grenada 1974 Realm
Guyana 1966 Republic
India 1947 Republic
Jamaica 1962 Realm
Kenya 1963 Republic
Kiribati 1979 Republic
Lesotho 1966 Monarchy
Malawi 1964 Republic
Malaysia 1957 Monarchy
The Maldives 1982 Republic
Malta 1964 Republic
Mauritius 1968 Republic
Mozambique 1995 Republic
Namibia 1990 Republic
Nauru 1968 Republic
New Zealand 1931 Realm
Nigeria 1960 Republic
Pakistan 1947 Republic
Papua New Guinea 1975 Realm
Rwanda 2009 Republic
St. Christopher and Nevis 1983 Realm
St. Lucia 1979 Realm
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Realm
Samoa 1970 Republic
Seychelles 1976 Republic
Sierra Leone 1961 Republic
Singapore 1965 Republic
Solomon Islands 1978 Realm
South Africa 1931
(withdrew in 1961,
rejoined in 1994) Republic
Sri Lanka 1948 Republic
Swaziland 1968 Monarchy
Tanzania 1961 Republic
Tonga 1970 Monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago 1962 Republic
Tuvalu 1978 Realm
United Kingdom Realm
Uganda 1962 Republic
Vanuatu 1980 Republic
Zambia 1964 Republi
Appendix II
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Despite; in spite of; notwithstanding.
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So; therefore; as a result; as a consequence; consequently; this results in; this leads to; this has the effect of.
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Because; results from; due to; is caused by.
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1.The situation: Many cities in Europe do everything to promote bicycles as an ecologically clean type of transportation; however the governor of St. Petersburg signed a decree according to which bicycles will not be allowed in the city centre.
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2.The problem to be discussed in the essay: Do you agree that bicycles should be banned in the centre of St. Petersburg? (Write 200-250 words)
3.Use the following plan:
1. Introduction. (State the problem)
2. Express your opinion and give reasons for it.
3. Give other people's arguments and explain why they are wrong.
4. Make a conclusion
In European cities people ride bicycles a lot because they are aware that bikes help to save fuel and reduce pollution in cities. However, the governor of Saint-Petersburg decided to ban bicycles in the city centre and I fully agree with it. I would like to explain my point of view on it.
In my opinion, the governor is absolutely right. In the first place, our roads are not adapted for biking as in Europe; they are too narrow and there are no separate lanes for bicycles. Moreover, bikes do not help the traffic situation but even sometimes make it worse as bicyclists often break traffic rules and cause accidents. In addition, the weather in St. Petersburg is not good for bicycle commuting. In winter roads are covered with ice, in autumn and in spring rains are frequent and roads are wet, so it is very difficult for cyclists to move.
On the other hand, some say that bikes are undoubtedly useful for our health, I can not agree with it completely as there are a lot of road accidents where cyclists are injured. Some people may argue that bikes are ecologically clean, but you can also put special purifying facilities on cars which are faster and more comfortable as transport.
To sum up, there are different points of view on this problem. I believe that bicycles should be banned in the city centre where streets are not specially created for them. As I see it, a bike is a kind of transport for short trips in the countryside.
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