:
1. , .
2. (), .
3. , .
.
(. 1).
. 1. TS |
. , . , , . . , . ( ) , . , , . . , ( ).
, Q0 , ().
, Q, .
:
- , , , , .
:
, (1.1.)
Q , ; Q0 , ( ); L , ( ) .
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μ = Q / L. (1.2.)
, (1.1), (. . ), .
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μ
μ = μ η, (1.3.)
μ ( ), η , .
. , , , . : , ..
. . , , . , , , . - .
. 5. |
- , , .
. (. 1).
, . .2, T-S . 3.
:
1-2 | - ; |
2-3 | - - ; |
3-4 | - ; |
4-5 | - ; |
5-1 | - . |
1.
( , , , , , , , ..) ( , , . .) | |
( , ) | |
(, . .) (, ) | |
- | |
- | |
.. |
NH3, SO2, 2 ().
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. 2. :
; ; ; ;
. 3. , , T-S
, , . , . . . .
, , . R-12, R-22, R-114, R-142, R-134, R-12B1, R-114B2 ( : - , , - , , - , - ).
R-22 R-134, R-12, R-142b, . .2. .
2.
- | , 0 | - * | ||
R-22 | -40.7 | <0.05 | ||
R-134a | -26.5 | |||
R-142b | . | -9.0 | <0.05 |
* - R-11
() :
- ; ; ; ; ;
- , , , , , .
, , () - , , , .
. , .
. , , . . , , 50-55% . - 5 . 3/. 16-220 ( 3-4 . ).
. T-S (.6).
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.6. -s |
1, , 2, , 3, 4, 5 , . :
1-2 ( );
2-3 , 2- , -3 =const;
3-4 ;
4-5 ;
5-4 .
. 7. -S R-22.
.9. T-s R-22 |
S : t, t t4. t1. , .
, .
t=tH2 - ∆t.
, , 26 .
t .
.
; ; , , 28 0 .
,
- ; - . = 515 0 .
: t0 .
. . :
510 0,
1035 0.
,
.
:
- .1 x = 1 t0 ;
- .a P1, ta = t1+Dt;
- .3 x = 0 t;
- .2 , P, S2=Sa;
- .4 , P, t = t4;
- . 5 , P0, i4' = i4.
, , .
T-s .
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2.
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3.
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5.
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6. ,
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- , .
→ → .
R-22, R-134a R-142b .
1. Q, .
2. : R-22, R-142b, R-134a.
3. :
Þ t1, 0;
Þ t2, 0.
4. :
Þ t1, 0;
Þ t2, 0.
5. :
Þη -
Þ ηi = 0,750,85 ( , );
Þ η , , .
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | |
R-22 | R-134a | R-142b | R-22 | R-134a | R-142b | R-22 | R-134a | |
QB | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4 | |||
t1 | 19 | |||||||
t2 | 9 | |||||||
t1 | 15 | |||||||
t2 | 60 | |||||||
η | 0.8 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.89 |
η | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
IX | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIV | XV | XVI | |
R-142b | R-22 | R-134a | R-142b | R-22 | R-134a | R-142b | R-134a | |
QB | 4.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 8 | |||
t1 | 27 | |||||||
t2 | 17 | |||||||
t1 | 30 | |||||||
t2 | 75 | |||||||
η | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.86 |
η | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
2.3.
:
1. Q=8 000 .
2. R-22.
3. :
Þ t1=12 0;
Þ t2=2 0.
4. :
Þ t1=40 0;
Þ t2=55 0.
5. :
Þ ηi = 0,8
Þ η=0,9.
:
D, D D :
Dt=Dt2-Dt0=4 .
Dt=t-t1=5 .
Dt=10 .
:
t0= t2- Dt=2-4=-2.
:
t= t2+Dt=55+5=60 .
:
t4= t1+ Dt=40+10=50 .
, (.10):
- .1 =1 t0;
- .2 s = const .1 .2` p = const .2`, .2, .3 .4;
- .3 = 0 t;
- .4 = 0 t4;
- .5 i = const .4 .5 t0.
. t0 = -2 0 t1= 120.
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. | , | t, | i, / | s, / | v, 3/ | ||
0,4665 | -2 | 703,7 | 1,7513 | 0,050007 | |||
2` | 2,4267 | 745,8 | 1,7513 | ||||
2,4267 | 577,2 | ||||||
2,4267 | 562,8 | ||||||
0,4665 | -2 | 562,8 | |||||
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