( - , , ) , . . - . , , - .
'. . , , . , . 9 10.
. , , , , , -, , , . (Werner, 1972,1974, 1980,1985; Werner et al., 1971; Weiner, Heckhausen, Meyer, Cook, 1972; Weiner, Kukla, 1970).
, , , , , , , .
, , , . , -
, , , (Weiner, 1985a; Wong, Weiner, 1981; Wortman, Dintzer, 1978). , . (Diener, Dweck, 1978), (Heckhausen, 1982b).
- . , , , , , , . , , () . , (Rotter, 1954,1966) - . , , , ( ), , (, , ). . , (Rotter, 1966; Feather, 1969), : () (). , -, (.: Phares, 1978, . 270).
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(Heider, 1958) , , , , : . , ( ). , . (. . 14.1), - .
, , . , (Rosenbaum, 1972) - , . , -
. , , (.: Heckhausen, 1972), -. , , (, ), .
14.1 (Weiner et a!., 1971, . 2)
( , , ) (. 13; Buss, 1978) . , , . , , . . ", . , (Rheinberg, 1975), (Weiner, 1979) (, . . 14.2). , . (Anderson, 1983) , . , - , , ( ) . ( , , , (.: Rest, Nierenberg, Weiner, Heckhausen, 1973, 1).)
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14.2
(Rheinberg, 1975; - Rosenbaum, 1972;
Weiner, 1979)
(, ) ( ) | (, ) |
() (, ) (Frieze, 1976; Meyer, Butzkamm, 1975; Rheinberg, 1975, 1980; Russel, 1982). .
, , (.; Ostrove, 1978; Saxe, Greenberg, Bar-Tal, 1974). , ( ), , , .
, , () (Russel, 1982; Weiner, 1985). (Meyer, 1980). , , . , . , , . , (Wimer, Kelley, 1982), , , , / /.
(Abramson, Seligman, Teasdale, 1978) () : , , , (. : Miller, Norman, 1979).
() . , , , , , . (Elig, Frieze, 1975) . 19 .
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. , , . , (Triandis, 1972) , , . (Kashima, Triandis, 1986) , , , . - (Louw u. Louw-Potgieter, 1986)
, . . , .