. , . , 00.
:
() NaNO2 ;
() CaCl2 ( 450-77) + () NaCl;
() + ();
() Ca(NO3)2 ( 4142-77) + () CO(NH2)2 );
() ( 6-03-266-70);
- () ( 603-7-04-74) + ();
- () + ();
- - () + ();
() K2CO3 ( 10690-73).
, , , . 24211-2003 .
.10.1
, ; , .
. 28 -25C 50%, 90 -60%. -50 28- 75%.
. , . . 10.12 - . , . . 3---18% . . , , 40 0. .
|
|
.
10.1
+ | + | , +, + | +, , | |||
, : | ||||||
5 | + | - | + | + | + | + |
5 | + | - | + | + | - | + |
; , : | ||||||
+ | - | - | + | - | + | |
- | - | - | + | - | - | |
+ | - | + | + | + | + | |
, : | ||||||
+ | + | + | + | + | + | |
60% | + | + | - | + | + | + |
+ | - | - | + | - | + |
: (-) .
% R28
10.2
, 0 | , . | |||
-5 | ||||
-10 | ||||
-15 | ||||
+ | ||||
-5 | ||||
-10 | ||||
-15 | ||||
-20 | ||||
-5 | ||||
-10 | ||||
-15 | ||||
-20 | ||||
-5 | ||||
-10 | ||||
-15 | ||||
, 0 | , . | |||
-20 | ||||
-25 | ||||
-5 | ||||
-10 | ||||
-15 | ||||
-20 | ||||
-25 |
, , . , (, , ). .
, , . 20---80 0 , . , , , - (), . . , , 0 0, . , . , . .
|
|
, , , , , , , . , , , .
, . , , . , () , .
. .
. n=F/V, F- , 2; V- , 3 .
n < 6, n=69 n>9.
n , , . (, , , ) n .
n < 6, 60800C n=810.
5. .
. . . , . .
, , , , , 6 . , . . . .
. (, , , ) .
35, 3050 . . . . (, ), .
, , . 23 . , 90 0 . . , . , .
|
|
(, , , ) . 46 . . 900 .
, (, , ) . : , - . , . .
. , , . . 5060 25, 7085 40.
, , , . . , .
.
10.3.
- | - | |||
- | 610 | - - - 15 | - | |
812 | - - | - | ||
610 | 1020 | - - | ||
, , 3 | , | - | - - | |
- | 12 | 23 | - - |
, :
1. . :
n 26 69 915
0/ 8 10 15
2. . . ( ). .
|
|
3. . 0 0 , .
n = 69 , . n = 915 , 50% . . 80%.
100 0, , .
, 0, .
3.3.2
Mn | |||
69 | 1015 | 1620 | |
() |
.
, . - , . 3 , - 23 .
.
.
10.4
Mn | , 0/ | |
1510 | ||
86 | ||
53 | 23 | |
- | 815 | 15 |
, , . .
, , .
.