What are Microeconomics and Macroeconomics?
Economists talk about microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics deals with people, like you and me, and private businesses. It looks at the economic decisions people make every day. It examines how families manage their household budgets. Microeconomics also deals with companies - small or large and how they run their business. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, looks at the economy of a country - and of the whole world. Any economist will tell you, though, that microeconomics and macroeconomics are closely related. All of our daily microeconomic decisions have an effect on the wider world around us.
Another way to look at the science of economics is to ask, whats it good for? Economists dont all agree on the answer to this question. Some practice positive economics. They study economic data and try to explain the behavior of the economy. They also try to guess economic changes before they happen. Others practice normative economics. They suggest how to improve the economy. Positive economists say, this is how it is. Normative economists say, we should
So what do economists do? Mainly, they do three things: collect data, create economic models and formulate theories. Data collection can include facts and figures about almost anything, from birth rates to coffee production. Economic models show relationships between these different data. For example, the relationship between the money people earn and unemployment. From this information, economists try to make theories which explain why the economy works the way it does.
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to manage household budgets; to be closely related to have an effect on the wider world around us; to practice positive economics; to guess economic changes; to create economic models; why the economy works the way it does.
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1.What does microeconomics deal with?
2.Whats the field macroeconomics studies?
3.How do positive/normative economists see their tasks?
4.What do economists do in general?
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Offshoot-
Outgrowth-
Notable-
quantification of risk-
the pithy explanation-
rates of return-
obvious doors-
cash-,
FINANCE
What is it?
Finance in many respects is an offshoot or outgrowth of economics, and many of the notable achievements in finance (at least within academia) were made by individuals with economics backgrounds and/or positions as professors of economics. Finance generally focuses on the study of prices, interest rates, money flows and the financial markets. Thinking more broadly, finance seems to be most concerned with notions like the time value of money, rates of return, cost of capital, optimal financial structures and the quantification of risk.
How is finance useful?
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While economics offers the pithy explanation that the fair price of an item is the intersection of supply, demand, marginal cost and marginal utility, that is not always very useful in actual practice. People want a number, and many billions of dollars are at stake in the proper pricing of loans, deposits, annuities, insurance policies and so forth. That is where finance comes into play in establishing the theoretical understandings and actual models that allow for the pricing of risk and valuation of future cash flows
Finance also informs business managers and investors on how to evaluate business proposals and most efficiently allocate capital. Basically, economics posits that capital should always be invested in a way that will produce the best risk-adjusted return; finance actually figures that process out.
Finance as a career
In some respects, a degree or academic background in finance opens more obvious doors than a similar background in economics. A degree in finance is a common denominator among many of those who populate Wall Street, be they analysts, bankers or fund managers. Likewise, many of those who work for commercial banks, insurance companies and other financial service providers have college backgrounds in finance. Apart from the finance industry itself, a degree in finance can be a pathway into and through the senior management of companies and corporations.
In the markets
As finance tries to concern itself with assessing the value of financial instruments, it is not surprising that one of the most common applications of finance in the markets is in the determination of fair value for a wide range of investment products. Stock-pricing models like the capital asset pricing model, option models like Black-Scholes, and bond concepts like duration are all byproducts of applied finance in an investment context.
Finance also offers new theories about the right way to do things, whether that is the optimal dividend or debt policy for a corporation or the proper asset allocation strategy for an investor.
It can also be argued that finance affects the markets with a seemingly constant stream of new products. Although many derivatives and advanced financial products have been maligned in the wake of the Great Recession, the fact remains that many of these instruments were designed to address and solve market demands and needs.
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