:
-Destination MAC address
-Source MAC address
-Destination IP address
-Source IP address
He , .
(MAC ), MAC , , .
IP ( ) , MAC . .
IP ( , , , ping 192.168.0.1), , . , IP . , IP .
MAC ? . Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), MAC IP . ARP , IP MAC , .
. , .
, . , , , . , , MAC , IP MAC . , IP .
, , ARP (aging timer). , 30 , , . , , .
, .
- , , , , . , , , . , ARP , . , , MAC , , ARP Request (ARP ).
|
|
, IP , , . MAC , MAC , .
, , MAC . , , , , IP IP ,
.
76
, ARP Response (ARP ), , , MAC . , , .
, , MAC 3333.3333.3333
ARP , ARP 76 .
ARP | Table |
IP Address | MAC Address |
10.0.0.2 | 2222.2222.2222 |
77
, ARP , , IP ( ..), .
IP-. IP- 4 (32 ) . IP- , , : 126.10.2.30. : 01111110 00001010 00000010 00011110.
:7F.0A.02.1D.
IP-. IP- , . , 185.23.44.206 128-191, , B, , IP-, 185.23,0.0, , 0.0.44.206.
IP- .
|
|
0, A, , . , 1 (00000001) 126 (01111110), . ( 0 , 127 , .) , 224, 16777216 .
10, . : . , 128.0 (1000000000000000) 191.255 (1011111111111111), . , , , , 216 (65536).
110, . 24 , 8 . C , 28 (256) .
D . 1110, D , (multicast). ( ), . , , IP- . D, , .
11110, , E. . 9.1. , .
9.1 -.
1.0.0.0 | 126.0.0.0 | 224 | ||
128.0.0.0 | 191.255.0.0 | 216 | ||
192.0.1.0 | 223.255.255.0 | 28 | ||
D | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | Multicast | |
240.0.0.0 | 247.255.255.255 |
A, B, :
- IP- 1, , , . (limited broadcast). , ;
- , , , . , 192.190.21.255 192.190.21.0. (broadcast).
, , , , , .