Matrix Organisation
first in the USA aerospace industry , overcome the problems of complexity of - which may cause breakdowns of , . It is now widely used in the and in other industries where a high degree of cross functional is required. The departmental still exists, but project teams, cutting across functional boundaries, as necessary. are drawn from all the appropriate and the team exists only for the duration of the project. :
- Interdepartment barriers and defensive are broken down by the .
- Coordination by a team or project leader provides the company with greater .
- The client has a point of contract close to his immediate interests, thus ensuring that are met.
1.5.4 Text for discussion.
a. Look up the dictionary or Unit 1 Glossary for the meaning and pronunciation of the following words and word-combinations and use them to discuss the problems outlined in the text.
Delegation; to cope with; to delegate; to train; to allocate; subordinates; to further the development; a generation of managers; responsibility; authority; accountability; job description; an adequate budget; to undertake a task; accountable to; superiors.
b. Briefly scan the text and outline the list of major points.
c. Read the text more carefully and comment on the following items:
- the delegation of highly specialised or confidential work;
- the delegation of very important decisions with high resource implications;
- the psychological aspects of delegating ones functions to subordinates;
- the unwillingness of a subordinate to accept delegation of a difficult task;
- the problem of the appropriate span of control for managers and supervisors at different levels in the company (How many workers or subordinates can one person supervise without losing control?).
Delegation
At any level in the organisation it is unlikely that managers will be able to cope adequately with all aspects of their jobs on their own. To function efficiently they must delegate. Provided that they have chosen and trained the right people, they should be able to allocate important aspects of their jobs to subordinates. This will have the advantage of furthering the development of the next generation of managers. There are three important aspects to delegation:
1 Responsibility. An obligation is placed on the subordinate to ensure that the delegated tasks are carried out efficiently on time. The responsibility should be clearly defined in the job description.
2 Authority. If delegation is to work, the subordinates must in turn be authorised to carry out their responsibilities. They must have access to the necessary information and the power to make things happen by requiring action from others. They must have an adequate budget and time within their day to undertake the task efficiently.
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3 Accountability. Standards of performance in the task must be set out beforehand in order that the subordinates may be held accountable to the manager for their efforts. The managers are also accountable to their superiors for the actions of their subordinates.
Render the passage in English using the English equivalents of the italicised phrases given in Russian. Express the main idea of the passage in one sentence.
(enter) , (experiences) . (It is not surprising), (are inevitable) . (exists), , (are frustrated by) . (poor communication), (incomplete) (misunderstandings). : (conflicting objectives) , (interdependence) (scarce) . (We should consider) (personal) , (incompatibility) . , (are harmful), (lead to) (productivity) (poor) (industrial) .
, (desirable). , (creativity) (encourage) . (enable) (to progress).
