Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus is the vowel [e]. For the glide the tongue moves upward in the direction of [ɪ] and the mouth gets closer. The lips are spread.
Task 1 Listen and say the sound (A55).
[eɪ] is spelled:
a (in the open syllable) - age came plane table
ai - rain wait
ay - day play say
ey - grey
ea - break great
eigh - eight weight
Task 2 Listen and say these sentences:
1 They came a day later.
2 It was a grey day in May.
3 Is this the way to the station?
4 Wait at the gate! - I'll be there at eight.
Task 3 Read and compare:
bat - bet - bade
flat - let - late
shall - shell - shale
pan - pen - pain
man - men - main
[aɪ] -the nucleus of the diphthong is central, open, unrounded.
Articulation: Look at the diagram. The sound starts with the advanced vowel [ʌ] with the mouth wide open and the lips neutral. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ɪ], with the mouth very narrowly open and the lips spread and not rounded.
Task 4 Listen and say the sound (A56).
[aɪ] is spelled:
i (in the open syllable) - like time white
ie - die
y - dry July why
igh - high night right
uy - buy
Task 5 Listen and say these sentences:
1 Do you like dry wine?
2 Why don't you try?
3 July will be fine.
4 Drive on the right.
Task 6 Read and compare:
luck - lark - like
cut - cart - kite
hut - heart height
dun - darn - dine
fun - farm fine
[ɔɪ] -the nucleus of the diphthong is back, open, slightly rounded.
Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus lies between the sound [ɔ:] and [ɒ]. It starts with the position between back half-open and open. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [ɪ], though the tongue rarely reaches there. The lips are slightly rounded for the nucleus changing to neutral for the glide.
Task 7 Listen and say the sound (A57).
[ɔɪ] is usually spelled:
oi - coin point voice
oy - boy enjoy toy
Task 8 Listen and say these sentences:
1 I can hear boys voice.
2 Those are coins, not toys!
Task 9 Read and compare:
John - join all - oil
sol - soil corn - coin
toss - toys ball - boil
pot - point jaw - joy
spot - spoilt pause - poison
Tongue twisters
[ai]
- Ikes ivy island is icy.
- Mike likes to ride a bike.
- Kyle flies kites high, so high they're out of sight. When a bird flies by, they sigh and wonder why the kite's so high.
- Out of sight, out of mind.
[ei]
I have got a date at a quarter to eight; Ill see you at the gate, so dont be late.
- We weighed the hay, painted the sleigh, played a game, and caught a train before it rained in May.
- Let`s play the game again.
- Take the place in the train to Wales.
[i]
- Roy and the boys toiled and made noise as they hoisted and joined the joists. They didn't loiter, and they weren't coy.
- The spoilt boy destroyed the toys.
- The noise is annoying.
- Joy is at boiling point.
LESSON 5 Sounds [au], [əu]
|
|
|
[au] -the nucleus of the diphthong is central, open, unrounded
Articulation: Look at the diagram. The starting point of the diphthong is between the back and front open positions. The sound starts with the position slightly more retracted than for the nucleus of the diphthong [aɪ] and more advanced than for the vowel [a:]. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [u], the mouth gets closer. The lips are neutral for the first element and get slightly rounded for the second.
Task 1 Listen and say the sound (A64).
[au] is usually spelled:
ow - how now vowel
ou - loud mouth sound
Task 2 Listen and say these phrases:
1 a thousand pounds
2 loud vowel sounds
3 round the house
4 Countdown - three, two, one, now!
Task 3 Read and compare:
| scar - scow - sky are - owl - eye far - found - find raft - row - rye tarn - town - type | darned - downed - dined trance - trout - trite craft - crowd - cried barn - bound - bind mast - mouse mice |
[əu] the nucleus of the diphthong is central, mid, unrounded.
Articulation: Look at the diagram. The starting point of the tongue position is similar to that of [ə:]; it starts with a central position, between half-close and half-open. For the glide the tongue moves upwards in the direction of [u] there being a slight closing movement of the lower jaw. The lips are neutral for the first element and get slightly rounded for the second.
Task 4 Listen and say the sound (A63).
[əu] is spelled:
o - no cold post close drove home phone
ow - know low show slow
oa - boat
oe - toe
Task 5 Listen and say these sentences:
1 I don't know.
2 My toes are cold.
3 She phoned me in October.
4 They showed us their home.
Task 6 Read and compare:
| loss - close not - note mop - mope cod - code nod - node | caught - coat bought - boat ball - bowl hall - hole called - cold | burn - bone fern - phone Bert - boat work - woke flirt - float | glade - glide - globe grape - ripe - rope stale - style - stole raze - rise - rose tape - type - trope |
Tongue twisters
[au]
Our owl in the outfield is an outcast.
- Clowns around town never frown even when they're down. Want to be a clown around town? Then never sound down and never frown.
- Out of sight, out of mind.
- What have you found out about it?
[ 3 u]
Opie owns an old oak oboe.
- If a big old toad jumps on the boat as we row across the moat, the boat won't float. So don't row close to the big old toads as you row across the moat, and the boat will float.
- Soams never boasts of what he knows,
But Rose never knows of what she boasts.
- Nobody knows how lonely the road is.
LESSON 6 Sounds [ɪə], [εə], [uə]
[ɪə] - the nucleus of the diphthong is the front-retracted, close, unrounded.
Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus is the vowel [ɪ]. For the glide the tongue moves in the direction of the neutral vowel [ə]. The lips are slightly spread for the nucleus and are neutral for the glide.
Task 1 Listen and say the sound (A48).
[ɪə] is spelled:
ea - real
ear - ear beard clear hear nearly year
|
|
|
eer - beer cheers ere here we're
Task 2 Listen and say these sentences:
1 We're here!
2 Have a beer - cheers!
3 Is there a bank near here?
4 The meaning isn't really clear.
Task 3 Read and compare:
| her - here merge - mere serve - sere germ - sphere | merry - merely ferry - fearing error - earing terror - steering | meat - near clean - clear bean - beer feast - fear |
[εə] -the nucleus of the diphthong is front, open, unrounded.
Articulation: Look at the diagram. The nucleus of this diphthong is a vowel between [e] and [æ]. The tongue is in the half-open front position. For the glide the tongue moves in the direction of the neutral sound [ə]. The lips are neutral.
Task 4 Listen and say the sound (A49).
[εə] is spelled:
are - care square
air - air chair fair hair stair
ear - wear
ere - where
aer - aeroplane
Task 5 Listen and say these sentences:
A: Look at that aeroplane! B: Where?
A: Up there, in the air, of course!
Task 6 Read and compare:
| car - care star - stare bar - bare dark - dare | mate - mare fail - fair state - stare rare - rarely | ear - air beer - bear hear - hair dear - dare |
[uə] - the nucleus of the diphthong is back-advanced, close, slightly rounded.
Articulation: The nucleus of the diphthong is the vowel [u]. For the glide the tongue moves towards the neutral sound [ə], the mouth gets more open. The lips are slightly rounded and get neutral as the mouth opens for [ə].
Task 7 Listen and say the sound:
[uə] is spelled:
u - cure furious
oor - poor moor
our - tour tourist
ue - cruel fluent
ewer - fewer
uer - truer
Task 8 Listen and say these sentences:
1 It's a usual cure for a cold.
2 Curiosity is incurable.
3 The truer my friends the surer I feel.
4 I'll surely speak more fluently after a tour to Europe.
Task 9 Read and compare:
| cute - cure rule - poor huge - pure rude - moor | cur - cure urban - rural Turkey - fury purse - poor | turret - truly - pure current - ruler - rural hurry - huger - jury flurry - music - mural | |
Task 10 Read and transcribe the words:
Dare, cute, kid, flame, out, filter, go, ruby, return, troy, fry, splash, unit, hour, show, corner, cut, current, obey, port, copy, ship, note, subject, sea, bar, fleet, fish, mob, ocean, report, flute, fireman, taboo, mince, jar, god, type, new, stir, moon, Jack, square, repeat, hire, clue, pock, museum, joint, dear.
Tongue twisters
[iə]
The meaning isn't really clear.
- I have these ears a hundred years.
- The theatre and museum is near here.
- Come here my dear.
[εə]
Mary shared the pears with Clair.
- Mary takes care of her hair.
- I dare swear.
- Where are their parents?
[uə]
I`m sure it`s a pure fuel.
- Not all the tourists will endure to the end surely.
- The truer my friends the surer I feel.
- Curiosity is incurable.
SECTION 3. CONSONANTS
