.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


35. H-


1. H
- H I II
- H II
- H III
2. H
-
-
-
3. H H

1. H

1.1. , .

1.2. :

I. , ;

II. , ;

III. ;

IV. .

1.3. :

I , ;

;

, , ;

;

.

( ), , () .

, . , , , " , " .

1.4. , () , 1 1982 . .

, .

() , .1.

 

1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | |

| |---------+--------------------------------------------|

| | | - |

| | | |

| | +----+----+----------------------------------|

| | | | | |

| | |- |-+-----------+----------------------|

| | |-|-| -| |

| |(- |-| | -| |

| |)- |-|-|,+----------+-----------|

| |-| |-| | |, -|

| | | |-|-| | |

| | | | | |, | |

| |-| |- | |-| |

| | | | |()| | |

| |- | | ||,-| |

| | | | | -| ,| |

| | | | | -|| |

| | | | |, | , | |

| | | | |-|, | |

| | | | | |,- |

| | | | |1.1.80 . |, | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

----------------------+---------+----+----+-----------+----------+------------

|1.,-| 1,1 |1,2 |1,02| 0,69 | 0,62 | 0,54 |

| -| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

|( -| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| . 2),-| | | | | | |

| - | | | | | | |

|, -| | | | | | |

|, -| | | | | | |

|, -| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

|, | | | | | | |

|( | | | | | | |

| . 2-4) | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|2. | 1,07 |1,14|1,02| 0,69 | 0,67 | 0,62 |

|, -| | | | | | |

| , | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| , -| | | | | | |

| ,| | | | | | |

|-, -| | | | | | |

|-, | | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

|, ,| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|3. -| 1,09 |1,17|1,01| 0,67 | 0,55 | 0,48 |

| -| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| ,| | | | | | |

|, | | | | | | |

|; | | | | | | |

| ,-| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| , -| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|4. ,| 1,05 |1,1 |1,02| 0,7 | 0,67 | 0,63 |

|, -| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|5. II -| 1,1 |1,2 |1,03| 0,69 | 0,63 | 0,55 |

|, -| | | | | | |

| .6 | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|6. | 1,09 |1,18|1,03| 0,74 | 0,67 | 0,59 |

| | | | | | | |

|-; -| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| ,| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| -| | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

|7. III| - | - |1,03| 0,88 | 0,88 | 0,88 |

| | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

H I II

1.5. ...

1.6. : 13, 1 ..; .2.

 

2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|N | , | |

| | | |

+----+------------------------------------------+----------------------------+

| 1 | , -|1 3 |

| | , | ( - |

| |, |) |

| 2 | ( )| |

| 3 | |1 |

| 4 | -|12 |

| | |( ) |

| 5 | |13 -|

| |- | |

| 6 | -|13 -|

| |, , , -| |

| | -| |

| | | |

| 7 | , -|13 |

| | , | |

| | -| |

| | . | |

| | -| |

| | | |

| 8 | ( -|1 |

| |,, .), | |

| | , -| |

| | , -| |

| | , , -| |

| | -| |

| | | |

| 9 | : | |

| | |13 |

| | | |

| | ( -|13 |

| |), | |

| | |13 |

| | | |

| | |13 |

| | | |

| | - |12 |

| | -|1 |

| |- | |

| 10 | : | |

| | , , |12 |

| | |13 |

| | | |

| 11 | |1 |

| | | |

| 12 | -|1. |

| | | |

| 13 | |12 |

| 14 | ,|1 |

| |, | |

| 15 | : | |

| | |12 |

| | |13 |

| 16 | : | |

| | |1 |

| | |1 |

| 17 | : | |

| | |12 |

| | |1 |

| 18 | |1 |

| | | |

| 19 | |1 |

| | | |

| 20 |: | |

| | |1 - |

| | | |

| | |13 |

| | | |

| | |1 |

| | |1 |

| 21 | |13 -|

| | | |

| 22 | -|1 |

| | | |

| 23 | , -|12 |

| | | |

| 24 | : | |

| | |1 |

| | |1 |

| 25 | : | |

| | |12 |

| | |13 |

| 26 | |100 |

| 27 | -|1 |

| | | |

| 28 | |1 |

| 29 | |1 |

| 30 | |12 |

| | | |

| 31 | |1 |

| 32 | |1 |

| 33 | |13 |

| | | |

| 34 | |12 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.7. , , , . , , , - - .

.

"" "" .

1.8. .

:

- .

85% , 0,5 - ;

- , ; - .

1.9. :

;

, , .

1.10. ( ) ( ).

1.11. :

, - 150;

6 3/;

, , ;

, , ;

;

6 ;

;

;

;

.

, .3 .

1.12. 2 . .

1.13. , , - , .3.26. .

1.14. 2091-2100; 2991-3022; 3186-3200, .

1.15. .

1.16. , 25 .

1.17. , : ( , , , ), , , , , , .

1.18. . .

1.19. :

2 , 1453-1455;

.2 .

1.20 10-20 .

1.21. , , .

1.22. 16 2, - .

1.23. , . 2-3 4-6 ( 1528-1529) .

1.24. 0,75 ( ) 1. . 0,75 , .3.34, .

1.25. , , , , 1530-1541.

, , 1530-1541 .

1.26. . , , ; - , , , , - , .

1.27. .

1.28. 1,5 1777-1783.

1.29. .

1.30. , ( 1963-1968), ( 1979), - ( 3361-3388), ( 3389-3396), ( 3424-3463) 1 3 () 0-100 . 100 (.8) 0,14 . .

() :

 

H - 100

= [ Ce + (0,14 * -------): 2] V * K,

- (), ;
- , .;
0,14 - 1 3 () , ;
- , ;
= / 600 - , 600 ; H 600 = 1;
V - () , 3.

1.31. , , .

1.32. () , "" , , 2434-2455 .

1.33. , .

1.34. . 2817 2822 , - 2147 2148.

1.35. , , , " , " .

1.36. .

1.37. "" 2033-2037 .

1.38. , , , , .

1.39. 3135-3144 3166-3168 .

1.40. , 3036; 3044-3046; 3053-3055; 3063-3066; 3075-3078; 3087-3090; 3099-3102 - 13-30 . 3158-3161 .

1.41. 0,252 3107-3126 , - 3164 .

1.42. 2145 .

1.43. 3107-3114 . 3145-3154.

1.44. - 2352-2359.

1.45. 3166-31-68 , . 13 :

- 408.,

- 52,

- 0,3 3.

H II

1.46. , .

1.47. - , , , .

- , .

1.48. 3410-3415.

1.50. , , .212-216 35 .

H III

1.51. :

;

;

190;

( 219);

168-219.

, .3 .

1.52. IV .

1.53. 100 , , .3.

 

3

----------------------------------------------------------------

|| | , |

| |+----+----+----+----+----+--------------|

| | |190 |214 | 243| 295| 320| 394 |

----------------------------------------------------------------

| 1. |

| | 3 |0,56|0,69|0,88|1,36|1,72|2,6 |

| | 3 |14,8|18 |23,8|36 |45,6|68,9 |

| 2. |

| | 3 |3,5 |4,25|5,5 |8,5 |10,8|16,3 |

| | 3 |11,6|14,1|18,3|28,2|35,7|54 |

----------------------------------------------------------------

1.54. .3 0,53.

2% 20% , .

1.55. 100 :

100 - 2233

. 100 400 - 3083

. 400 500 - 4303

0,9, - 0,8; - 0,92;

1.56. . 3519-3522 .4.

 

4

-------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | I |II |

| | +----+---+-----+------------|

| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

--------------------------+-----------+----+---+-----+-------------

|1. | |295 |320|394 |295 |

|2. - | |219 |245|324 |245 |

| | | | | | |

|3. | 3 |0,39|0,6|0,5 |0,25 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------

1.57. .., .1, .5.

 

5

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|-|| |-|-|-| |

|-|-| | |-| | 1 -|

|-| | | | |- | -|

|| | |13 |- | -| -24,|

|| | |-|- | | |

|-| | | |- | +--------+------|

|| | |-| |. | | |

|-| | | | |..| | |

|| | |,| |- | | |

| | | | | | | | |

|| | | | | | | |

|- | | | | | | | |

|36 | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

||-| -|2900 |2,2 |19-20 | | |

|-| |,,-- | | | | | |

|-| |, -,| | | | | |

|| | | | | | | |

|| | , ,|3100-|2,2 |17-18 | 9,85 |

| | |, , |3300 | | | | |

| | |; -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, -|3000 |2,2 |15-16 | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | , -|2700-|2,2 |12-14 | | |

| | | ,|3000 | | | | |

| I | |, , | | | | 8 |9,85 |

| | |, , | | | | | |

| | |, | | | | | |

| | | |2700-|2,2 |10-11 | | |

| | | , -|2900 | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |; -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | | | | |

| | | -|2700-|2 |8-9 | | |

| II| | , -|2900 | | | | |

| | | , -| | | | 6,6 |7,95 |

| | |, -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, -|2600-|2 | 7 | | |

| | | |2800 | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | | | | |

| | | -|2800 |2 | 6 | | |

|III| |, - ,| | | | | |

| | |, | | | | | |

| | |, -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, , |2500 |2 | 5 | 4,5 |6,55 |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | | , -|2200-|2 | 4-5 | | |

| | | , -|2300 | | | | |

| | |, | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | | | | |

| | | |2000 |1,8 | 3 | | |

|IV | | , -| | | | | |

| | |, -| | | | 3,8 |4,45 |

| | |, -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, |1400-|1,8 | 2 | | |

| | |, |1900 | | | | |

| | |, | | | | | |

| | | , -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | | | | |

| |-| , |1400-|1,4 | 1,5-2 | | |

| V | |, -|2000 | | | | |

| |-| -| | | | | |

| | |, | | | | 2,6 |3,75 |

| |-|, | | | | | |

| | | ,|1900-|1,8 | 1,5 | | |

| | |, |2600 | | | | |

| | |, | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | | | | |

| | | , -|1200-|1,4- | 1-1,5 | 2,6 |

| | | , ,|1950 |1,8 | | | |

| VI| |, , -| | | | | |

| | | , , -| | | | | |

| | | , ,| | | | | |

| | | , -| | | | | |

| | | , | | | | | |

| | |10% ; | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |(, .), -| | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | | | | | | |

| | | , , -|1600-|1,8 | 0,9 | - | - |

|VII|- |, , , ,|1800 | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |

| | |, -, |1500 | - | 0,6 | - | - |

| | | | | | | | |

| | | |1100 | - | 0,4 | - | - |

| | | | | | | | |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.58. , .II, .6.

 

6

------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+--------

|-| | |-|

|| | | |

|-| | |- |

|- | | | -|

|-| | | |

| | | | |

|- | | |. |

|- | | |..|

| | | |- |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

+-----+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-------+

| | |: | |

| | | ,|8-9 |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | -| -|4-6 |

| | |, -| |

| | |, | |

| | | | |

| | | , -|2-3 |

| | | | |

| | | , -| |

| | | , -| |

| | | , , -| |

| | | , -| |

| | | , -| |

| | |, , -| |

| | | | |

| | | , ,|1,6-1,8|

| | |, , -| |

| | | , ,| |

| | |, , , ,| |

| | | | |

| | | |1-1,5 |

------+-----------------+-------------------------------------+--------

1.59. , .III, .7.

 

7

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|-| |

|| |

|- | |

| | |

|-| |

| | |

+-----+----------------------------------------------------------------------+

| I | . : ( ), |

| | . . ,|

| |, |

| II | (|

| |3 ). 20% (|

| |3) . . . . |

| |. . . ( |

| |). . . . (). -|

| | -|

| |. |

| III| 20% ( 3) -|

| |. . . . |

| |( 5) , , -|

| |, , . -|

| |. |

| |. . -. . . |

| | . . .|

| | , . |

| IV |, . -|

| | , , . . -|

| |. . : . -|

| |. : , . . .|

| |. . . |

| |. (). : , -, -|

| |, , . |

| | () . :|

| | . .|

| | : , . , -|

| |. |

| | . ,|

| |. |

| V |- . , |

| |- . : |

| |, , , . |

| | . . . |

| |, ; ; -|

| |. - -|

| | . |

| |. . . .|

| | . |

| | . . . : -|

| |-, , -, , -|

| |-, . (). : -|

| |, . , . |

| |, . . |

| | . |

| VI | , . |

| |. . |

| | . : ,|

| |. . :|

| | , . . .|

| |: , -, -, -|

| |-, --, . -|

| | : , , , . -|

| | . , . -|

| |, . . |

| | . - . .|

| | -. |

| | . . - -|

| |. . |

| VII| . |

| |(). . ( 50%)|

| | - . |

| | . . |

| |. : , . |

| |. , . |

| |: -, -, -|

| |. : , , , -|

| |, . : , .|

| |- , : , ,|

| | . , |

| |. . -|

| |. (, , ).|

| | , . . . -|

| |- . - . |

| VIII| . |

| |. . : .|

| | . : -,|

| |-, --, . .|

| |: . . -|

| |. . . , -|

| |. . . , |

| |, , . -,|

| |, - . - -|

| | : -, -, -|

| |. - - . |

| |. |

| IX | , . . -|

| |. |

| |, . |

| | . . : ,|

| |. . , .|

| | . : -|

| |, -. . : -|

| | , -.|

| | - . -|

| |. . . -|

| |. : , . : -|

| |, . - : , - |

| |, . . -. . .|

| | : --, --|

| |-, . -|

| |: , , - , |

| |. . -|

| | . |

| X |- .|

| | , , ,|

| |- . . |

| | . : . -|

| |. : , -. |

| | , . |

| |. . -|

| | |

| XI | , , |

| |. . . -|

| | . . . -|

| |- - |

| XII| -: ,|

| |, , , , |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.60. , .III, .8.

 

8

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|| |

|-| |

|- | |

| | |

|- | |

| | |

| | |

+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+

|I. | , |

|-| : , , ,|

| |, , , .., --|

| | . -|

| |, , : -|

| |, , , |

|II. |- : |

|- |, . : , ,|

|-| .. , |

| | : |

| |, , , , . . |

| | I |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. H

2.1. , .

13 ( ).

2.2. :

- , , ;

- , .

2.3. (.1.10 ).

2.4. V, 3, 1 :

 

2

V = -----,


- , ;

 

V = ,


- , .

2.5. V, 3 1 :

 

V = (.. + ) ,


.. - , ;
- , .

.

2.6. 1 :

 

V = 2 (1 + 1) V1 n;

 

V = 2 (1 + 1) V1 n + l1 V2,


1 - ;
1 - ;
V1 - 1 () , 3;
V2 - , "", 3;
n - 1 ,.;
l1 - "" 1 , .

2.7. , .

2.8. 1 :

 

V = S l,


S - , 2;
l - , .

:

 

S = h;

 

l1 + l2

S = ----------- h;

 

S = + S.,


- , ;
- ( ), ;
h - , ;
l1 l2 - , ;
S. - , 2.

 

S. = 0,26 2.

 

S. = 0,39 2.

S.., 2 :

 

S.. = 2 / 3 h..,

:

 

h = / 3;


 

h = / 2;


 

h... = / 6

 

2

S = -----


- ,

 

Smax. + Smin.

S. = -----------------


Smax. - , 2;
Smin. - , 2;
S. - , 2.

, (),

 

S. = V / l,


V - , 3;
l - , .

2.9. .

, .1.8 2.3 .

2.10. .

3. H H

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | | |

| | +----+-----+----+----|

| | | | -| | |

| | |-|-|-|-|

| | | | |-|-|

| | |-|- | | |

| | | | |-|- |

| | | | |-|- |

| | | | |-|-|

| | | | | | |

| | | | |- | |

| | | | | | |

+------------------------------+------------------------+----+-----+----+----+

|3.1. |, : | | | | |

|, ,-| 150 300 |1,09|1,09 |1,05| - |

| , | | | | | |

| , -| | | | | |

| , | | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.2. |. 300 500 |1,15|1,15 |1,07| - |

|3.3. |. 500 700 |1,21|1,21 |1,1 | - |

|3.4. |. 700 |1,36|1,36 |1,18| - |

|3.5. | 150 300 |1,03|1,04 | - | - |

| , | | | | | |

|, -| | | | | |

| , -| | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.6. |. 300 500 |1,07|1,09 | - | - |

|3.7. |. 500 700 |1,11|1,15 | - | - |

|3.8. |. 700 |1,15|1,2 | - | - |

|3.9. | 150 300 |1,05|1,05 | - | - |

|3.10. |. 300 500 |1,1 |1,1 | - | - |

|3.11. |. 500 700 |1,16|1,17 | - | - |

|3.12. |. 700 |1,23|1,24 | - | - |

|3.13. | |1,25|1,25 |1,25|1,25|

| |, : | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.14. , -| 150 300 |1,04|1,04 |1.05| - |

| ,| | | | | |

| . 3.1-3.4| | | | | |

|3.15. |. 300 500 |1,08|1,1 |1,11| - |

|3.16. |. 500 700 |1,13|1,16 |1,18| - |

| | , : | | | | |

|3.17. | 150 300 |1,05|1,05 |1,06| - |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|13 . | | | | | |

|3.18. |. 300 500 |1,09|1,09 |1,1 | - |

|3.19. |. 500 700 |1,12|1,12 |1,15| - |

| | | | | | |

| |, 3/ | | | | |

|3.20. | 6 13 |1,07|1,09 |1,11| - |

| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

|, -| | | | | |

|, ,| | | | | |

| , | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.21. |. 13 20 |1,17|1,21 |1,25| - |

|3.22. | |1,04|1,04 |1,05| - |

| | | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

| , | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|, , -| | | | | |

| . I | | | | | |

|3.23. | |1,1 |1,1 |1,11| - |

| | | | | | |

|3.24. | |1,22|1,23 |1,25| - |

| | | | | | |

|3.25. | , | | | | |

| | ,| | | | |

| | : | | | | |

| |) -|1,09|1,1 |1,11| - |

| | , -| | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| |) |1,07|1,08 |1,09| - |

| | ,| | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | -| | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.26., | - |1,04|1,04 |1,05| - |

| | | | | | |

|, , -| | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.27. , |, - |1,1 |1,11 |1,13| - |

| . 3.26 | - | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.28. | | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

| , : | | | | | |

|) , -| |1,15|1,15 |1,18| - |

| | | | | | |

|) | |1,09|1,09 |1,18| - |

|3.29. -| -|1,09|1,13 |1,25| - |

| | | | | | |

|3.30. | |1,05|1,08 |1,25| - |

|3.31. | |1,12|1,13 |1,25| - |

| -| | | | | |

|, | | | | | |

| , | | | | | |

| 162 | | | | | |

|3.32. -| |0,8 |0,8 |0,82|0,65|

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.33. | - | - | - | - |1,02|

| -| | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

| -| | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.34. |) -|0,92|0,92 | - | - |

| | . 0,75 | | | | |

|1 (. 1.24 ) |) | | | | |

| |, | | | | |

| |, -| | | | |

| | | | | | |

| | ,: | | | | |

| | 15 |1,03|1,03 | - | - |

| |. 15 30 |1,06|1,06 | - | - |

| |. 30 |1,09|1,09 | - | - |

| |) -|1,08|1,08 |1,19| - |

| | -| | | | |

| | 1 | | | | |

| | : | | | | |

|3.35. |) (-|1,12|1,12 |1,4 | - |

| |) | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| |) () -|1,14|1,78 |1,14| - |

| | | | | | |

| | (-| | | | |

| |) | | | | |

| | | | | | |

| |) |1,14|1,57 |1,14| - |

| | , | | | | |

| | , , -| | | | |

| | -| | | | |

| | | | | | |

| |) ,|1,14|1,36 |1,14| - |

| | -| | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.36. | |1,07|1,07 | - | - |

| | | | | | |

|1,5 | 2 2 | | | | |

|3.37. -| - | | | | |

| | : | | | | |

| |) - |1,17|1,17 | - ||

| | | | | ||

| | | | | ||

| | | | | |-|

| | | | | |-|

| | | | | | |

| | | | | ||

| | | | | | |

| | | | | |-|

| | | | | |-|

| | | | | | |

| | | | | |-|

| | | | | ||

| |) |1,18|1,19 | - | - |

| |, 33| | | | |

| |) , 38|1,3 |1,26 | - | - |

| |) ( ) |1,31|1,34 | - | - |

|3.38. -| - |1,18|1,18 | - | - |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.39. | |2 |2 | 2 | 2 |

| | | | | | |

| | |2 |2 | 2 |1,9 |

|3.40. | -|1,25|1,25 |1,25| - |

| | | | | | |

| | - | | | | |

| | | | | | |

|3.41. | ,-|0,9 |0,9 | - | - |

|



<== | ==>
3. | .
:


: 2016-11-22; !; : 490 |


:

:

, - , ; , - .
==> ...

1267 - | 1300 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.685 .