, .
.
.
, , , +Q; -Q , .
, , .
, , . , , .
, .
(12) (12) .
I2, , , U1.
12 = q + j 
k = 
()
q , ,
k - , , .
I1 , :
12 = r + j m = - 
()
r , ,
m - , .
r, q, k, m .
, . . 1, , 2 , .
= 10 lg (
) ().
:
)
= 10 lg (
) ().
(10) (20) , .
) .
1 = 10 lg (
) ().
. .
|
|
|
, .
3 - .
3
3 = 10 lg 
,
3 = 10 lg 
,
3 = 1 - 
l
1 .
l ,
- ,
l .
l .
, , , , , , .
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
| . | ә | Electric effect | |
| . | ә | Magnetic effect | |
| . | ә | Primali parametr effect | |
| ә | Secondary parametr effect | ||
| . | Ө | Damping | |
| . | Қғқ | Protection reate |
1. .
[.1],.106-128 ().
2.
.
[.1,.106-128 ],()
1.
[1.111-113]
2. .[.1.119-121]
12
.
:
) . ( ) ( ) . , . a13, 14, 23, 24
. 20 ) )
13=14=23=24 14*23=13*24
.. ln 
=0
k , .
k 100-300 , k = 400-600 . . .
|
|
|
s, .
h1 h2 ; D
s = 
,
) , , , . . 3 :
1)
2)
3) ( ).
, . , .. , . , , (13, 14, 23, 24), (10, 20, 30, 40)
.21
, , :
k1 = (C13+C24)-(C14+C23) .
k2 = (C13+C14)-(C23+C24) .
k3 = (C13+C23)-(C14+C24) .
1 = (10 - 20) -
2 = (30 - 40)
3 = (10 + 20) (30 + 40)
k9, k10, k 11, k12.
( ) ( ) . .
= k + k ( . )
, , , . , , .. .
= k - k ( x)
.22 : ) , )
8 () 4 4 . , , , . , .
. , , . , x 
x
(k1, k2, k3) (
) . . , .
.23
, , , , , I, I, .
|
|
|
R C . .
.
.24
- (20 ).
:
1. .
2.
3.
4.
5.
| қ | Capacity communication | ||
| қ | Capacity an inbalanci | ||
| ҳ қ | Cross range | ||
| -ң | Compensation contour |
1.
.[1],.138-144().
2. .[1],.144-146()
3. .[1],.146-148()
1. .
. [1],.132-135
2. .
[1],.149
13
U I U>42B, I>15mA , .
, U=1-2mB, I=15mA , , , , . : , (), , . :
.
.
.. .
.25.
.
, .
100 .
n = N*100; N
K*L
K
L
. > (, , ) . , , , . , , .
U , . U 35,220,500,750 ~ U
|
|
|
400,500,600,800,1000 = U
, , .
- , , .
.26 :
) )
)
, , , . , , . , . , , .
.. () , , . . .. .. . . .. ; . .. , ( 30 ). . .. , . , , . .. , . ..
. , .. . .
, . , (f 30-30 ), (f 30-30 ) (f 300-3000 ) . : , , , . ( ) .
7,7 , 1,3 , 3,3 , 1 .
| , | |||
| . .. | |||
| - | |||
:
- .
| . | қ ә | Outside influences | |
| . | қ | Atmosphere electricity | |
| . | Streamline electricity communication | ||
| Transfer radio station | |||
| Electricity transport |
|
|
|
1.
[1.],.170 ().
2. .
. [1.],.169 ().
3. , .
. [1.],.170-175 ().
1.
.[1.],.163-168
14
