(opportunity cost) , , - . .
(accounting profit) ( ) , .
(accounting cost) () .
(total revenue, TR) , .
(total cost, TC) .
(weigh marginal utility) -
, :
MUx: Px,
MUx X;
Px X.
() (explicit cost) , .
() (implicit cost) , .
(increasing returns to scale) , , , ( N N ). .
(long-run) , , .
(household) , .
(law of diminishing marginal utility) , , . . .
(the law of diminishing marginal returns) , .
, (isoquant) , (), .
, (isocost) , , :
= L L + K K,
L K ;
L K .
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(corporation) , , .
(short-run) , , .
(minimum efficient scale) , .
(normal profit) , , .
() (total product, TP) , .
(returns to scale) .
(partnership) , .
(variable cost, VC) , () () .
(utility, U) , .
(constant returns to scale) , , , ( N N ). .
(fixed cost, FC) , .
(consumer choice) , .
, (consumer equilibrium) , , , . ( ) :
MUx: Px = MUy: Py = = MUn: Pn,,
MUx, MUy, MUn ;
Px, Py, Pn .
(least-cost rule) , :
1: 1 = 2: 2 = = n: n,
1, 2, n ;
1, 2, n .
() (marginal rate of technical substitution, MRTS) , .
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MRTSLK = DK: DL = L: K,
DK, DL ;
L, K .
(marginal utility, MU) , ; .
(marginal cost, MC) , .
(marginal revenue, MR) , . : MR = .
(marginal product of a factor, ) , .
(total revenue total cost approach) , , . , (. . ) .
(marginal revenue marginal cost approach) , , . , (MR = MC), .
(production function) (), , .
(rational economic behavior) , ; .
(rational choice) , , .
() (total utility, TU) , ; , .
(average cost, ) . .
(average variable cost, AVC) , .
(average fixed cost, AFC) , .
(average revenue, AR) ( ), .
(average product, AP) .
(expansion path) , .
(decreasing returns to scale) , , , ( N N ). .
(firm) , ; , .
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(economic profit) ( ) ( ). , .
(economies cost) , , . .
: [2, . 83125; 3, . 205254; 4, . 141166; 5, . 149162, 183199; 8, . 101138; 9, . 182197, 208255; 10, . 121123, 131150; 11, . 132137, 165170, 488503; 12, . 4144, 6785, 172186; 13, . 110116, 142180, 530575; 14, . 7082, 118121, 137156, 166170, 240244; 15, . 199238; 16, . 173209].
1. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
2. :
) ;
) ;
) ();
) .
3. :
) 15, 25, 30, 31;
) 15, 31, 48, 66;
) 15, 30, 45, 60;
) 15, 25, 35, 45.
4. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
5. , :
) ;
) ;
) , , ;
) .
6. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
7. () :
) ;
) ;
) , ;
) .
8. - :
) , , ;
) , , ;
) , , , , ;
) , , .
9. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
10. , , :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
11. , , :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
12. , :
) 35, 25, 35, 20;
) 35, 40, 44, 42;
) 35, 40, 43, 47;
) 35, 25, 13, 15.
13. :
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|
) P = 0;
) AP = MP;
) MP = 0;
) MP = .
14. Q (K, L) , :
) 3 , 3, 6 ;
) , 20 % 20 %;
) , 20 % 10 %;
) , 20 % 40 %.
15. :
) ;
) ;
) , ;
) .
16. , , :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
17. U- :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
18. , , :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) , .
19. :
) TC: Q;
) ∆ T: ∆ Q;
) AVC + AFC;
) ) ).
20. , :
) + = ;
) = ;
) = ;
) + = .
: 1. ); 2. ); 3. ); 4. ); 5. ); 6. ); 7. ); 8. ); 9. ); 10. ); 11. ); 12. ); 13. ); 14. ); 15. ); 16. ); 17. ); 18. ); 19. ); 20. ).