.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


. (opportunity cost) ,




 

(opportunity cost) , , - . .

(accounting profit) ( ) , .

(accounting cost) () .

(total revenue, TR) , .

(total cost, TC) .

(weigh marginal utility) -

, :

MUx: Px,

MUx X;

Px X.

() (explicit cost) , .

() (implicit cost) , .

(increasing returns to scale) , , , ( N N ). .

(long-run) , , .

(household) , .

(law of diminishing marginal utility) , , . . .

(the law of diminishing marginal returns) , .

, (isoquant) , (), .

, (isocost) , , :

= L L + K K,

L K ;

L K .

(corporation) , , .

(short-run) , , .

(minimum efficient scale) , .

(normal profit) , , .

() (total product, TP) , .

(returns to scale) .

(partnership) , .

(variable cost, VC) , () () .

(utility, U) , .

(constant returns to scale) , , , ( N N ). .

(fixed cost, FC) , .

(consumer choice) , .

, (consumer equilibrium) , , , . ( ) :

MUx: Px = MUy: Py = = MUn: Pn,,

MUx, MUy, MUn ;

Px, Py, Pn .

(least-cost rule) , :

1: 1 = 2: 2 = = n: n,

1, 2, n ;

1, 2, n .

() (marginal rate of technical substitution, MRTS) , .

MRTSLK = DK: DL = L: K,

DK, DL ;

L, K .

(marginal utility, MU) , ; .

(marginal cost, MC) , .

(marginal revenue, MR) , . : MR = .

(marginal product of a factor, ) , .

(total revenue total cost approach) , , . , (. . ) .

(marginal revenue marginal cost approach) , , . , (MR = MC), .

(production function) (), , .

(rational economic behavior) , ; .

(rational choice) , , .

() (total utility, TU) , ; , .

(average cost, ) . .

(average variable cost, AVC) , .

(average fixed cost, AFC) , .

(average revenue, AR) ( ), .

(average product, AP) .

(expansion path) , .

(decreasing returns to scale) , , , ( N N ). .

(firm) , ; , .

(economic profit) ( ) ( ). , .

(economies cost) , , . .

 

: [2, . 83125; 3, . 205254; 4, . 141166; 5, . 149162, 183199; 8, . 101138; 9, . 182197, 208255; 10, . 121123, 131150; 11, . 132137, 165170, 488503; 12, . 4144, 6785, 172186; 13, . 110116, 142180, 530575; 14, . 7082, 118121, 137156, 166170, 240244; 15, . 199238; 16, . 173209].

 

 

1. :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

2. :

) ;

) ;

) ();

) .

3. :

) 15, 25, 30, 31;

) 15, 31, 48, 66;

) 15, 30, 45, 60;

) 15, 25, 35, 45.

4. :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

5. , :

) ;

) ;

) , , ;

) .

6. :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

7. () :

) ;

) ;

) , ;

) .

8. - :

) , , ;

) , , ;

) , , , , ;

) , , .

9. :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

10. , , :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

11. , , :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

12. , :

) 35, 25, 35, 20;

) 35, 40, 44, 42;

) 35, 40, 43, 47;

) 35, 25, 13, 15.

13. :

) P = 0;

) AP = MP;

) MP = 0;

) MP = .

14. Q (K, L) , :

) 3 , 3, 6 ;

) , 20 % 20 %;

) , 20 % 10 %;

) , 20 % 40 %.

15. :

) ;

) ;

) , ;

) .

16. , , :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

17. U- :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) .

18. , , :

) ;

) ;

) ;

) , .

19. :

) TC: Q;

) ∆ T: ∆ Q;

) AVC + AFC;

) ) ).

20. , :

) + = ;

) = ;

) = ;

) + = .

 

: 1. ); 2. ); 3. ); 4. ); 5. ); 6. ); 7. ); 8. ); 9. ); 10. ); 11. ); 12. ); 13. ); 14. ); 15. ); 16. ); 17. ); 18. ); 19. ); 20. ).

 





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