81.2
Making a text in English. Practice Materials & Self-access Grammar Guide for 3d year students: / .: .., C.., .., .., ... , 2004. 187.
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81.2
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ISBN
, 2004
PRACTICE MATERIALS
in Grammar of Text
a book that no 3rd Year Student can afford to neglect
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. COMBINING MESSAGES: COHESION
1.1. INCLUSION / EXCLUSION
1.1.1. ADDITION
1.1.2. EXCLUSION
1.1.3. RESTRICTION
1.1.4. ALTERNATIVES
1.2. COMPARISON / CONTRAST
1.2.1. COMPARISON
1.2.2. CONTRAST
1.2.3. CONCESSION
1.3. TIME
1.4. CONDITION
1.5. CAUSE&EFFECT
1.6. PURPOSE
1.7. RELATIVES
1.8. DISCOURSE MARKERS
1.9. OPINION MARKERS
REVISION
CHAPTER 2. COMBINING MESSAGES: COHERENCE
2.1. REFERENCE
2.2. ELLIPSES
CHAPTER 3. MAKING A TEXT
3.1. COMPRESSING SENTENCES
3.2. REPORTING
Chapter 1
COMBINING MESSAGES: COHESION
1.1. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION
1.1.1.INCLUSION / ADDITION
Exercise 1. Underline verbs with the same subject in the sentences below. Rewrite the sentences omitting subjects IF POSSIBLE and linking clauses with and.
Example: An earthquake struck South America yesterday. It caused some damage. The damage occurred in a thinly-populated area à An earthquake struck South America yesterday and caused some damage in a thinly-populated area.
1. The twentieth century has seen the development of antibiotics. Penicillin was developed in the 1940s. It has saved thousands of lives.
2. Rain will spread into all areas. Snow may fall on high ground. Drier weather is expected tomorrow.
3. The manager invited workers representatives to the meeting. He explained his position to them. They had a long talk with him.
4. Susan and I went on a trip to Romania. We saw a lot of interesting sights. I spent two days in Italy on the way home.
5. Some delegates arrived by train. Others came by car. A few arrived by taxi.
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6. A new nature reserve has been created in North Luanza. This is a unique area for wildlife. It has to be protected.
Exercise 2. Find a proper place for ALSO in the sentences below.
Example: also
You can buy computers in shops. You can / get them by mail order.
1. Doctor Smith was a keen tennis player. He had been a fine athlete in his youth.
2. Fire alarms must be tested every month. Emergency lighting should be checked regularly.
3. Harry has several dogs and cats. He has a number of more exotic creatures.
4. Liz is organising the competition. She is going to present the prizes.
5. Signor Ginelli owns a shipping business. He runs an oil company.
6. The view from the balcony was marvellous. The closeness of the house to the city suited them.
Exercise 3. BOTH, SO, AS WELL, TOO.
Find the items that are linked in the table below and write sentences using the words in brackets.
Example: Both a beret and a cap are hats.
| 1. (both) beret 2. (both) coach 3. (so) Pekinese 4. (as well) temple 5. (both) stall 6. (so) bungalow 7. (too) trout 8. (as well) can | mosque herring tram packet kiosk cap Alsatian cottage | Forms of transport Shops House Container Fish Dog Place of worship hats |
Exercise 4. Link the sentences using the connectors:
IN ADDITION vs. IN ADDITION TO; AS WELL vs. AS WELL AS.
1. She is efficient. She is also extremely clever.
as well / as well as
2. There are courses in computing. A business course is also in offer.
in addition / in addition to
3. The exhibition contained oil paintings. It also showed some water-colours.
as well / as well as
4. We shall provide hotel accommodation. We shall also cover travel expenses.
in addition / in addition to
5. He is endangering his own life. He is also putting others in danger.
as well / as well as
6. John got US dollars for the journey. He also got travellers cheques
in addition / in addition to
7. Banks are run by people, and people make mistakes. Like all industries, banks will have their share of dishonest workers.
additionally / in addition
Exercise 5. IN ADDITION TO, BESIDES, AS WELL AS.
