Ëåêöèè.Îðã


Ïîèñê:




×àñòîòà ñîâïàäåíèé ãèñòîëîãè÷åñêîãî äèàãíîçà âíóòðåííåãî ýíäîìåòðèîçà ìàòêè ñ äàííûìè äðóãèõ ìåòîäîâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ 4 ñòðàíèöà




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Ãëàâà 4. Ïàòîëîãèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû â ïåðèîä çðåëîñòè

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Ãëàâà 4. Ïàòîëîãèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû â ïåðèîä çðåëîñòè

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Ãëàâà 4. Ïàòîëîãèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû â ïåðèîä çðåëîñòè

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Ãëàâà 5

Ïàòîëîãèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû â ïåðåõîäíîì è ñòàð÷åñêîì âîçðàñòå

Êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì

Îïðåäåëåíèå ïîíÿòèÿ. Êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì — ýòî ñâîå­îáðàçíûé êëèíè÷åñêèé ñèìïòîìîêîìïëåêñ, ðàçâèâàþùèéñÿ ó ÷à­ñòè æåíùèí â ïåðèîä óãàñàíèÿ ôóíêöèè ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû íà ôîíå îáùåé âîçðàñòíîé èíâîëþöèè îðãàíèçìà. Åãî íàëè÷èå îñëîæíÿåò ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîå òå÷åíèå êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêîãî ïåðèîäà è õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ âàçîìîòîðíûìè, ýíäîêðèííî-îáìåííûìè è íåðâíî-ïñèõè÷åñêèìè íàðóøåíèÿìè. Íàèáîëåå òèïè÷íûå ñèìïòî­ìû — ïðèëèâû æàðà ê ëèöó, ãîëîâå, âåðõíåé ïîëîâèíå òóëîâèùà, ïîòëèâîñòü, ñåðäöåáèåíèå, ãîëîâîêðóæåíèå, íàðóøåíèå ñíà, óòîì­ëÿåìîñòü, ýìîöèîíàëüíàÿ ëàáèëüíîñòü. Ýòè íàðóøåíèÿ ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷àùå â âîçðàñòå 46—50 ëåò, èìåþò ðàçëè÷íóþ èíòåíñèâíîñòü è ìîãóò ïðîäîëæàòü áåñïîêîèòü æåíùèí äî 55—60 ëåò, à èíîãäà è äîëüøå. Îñîáåííîñòè êëèíèêè ÊÑ îáóñëîâëåíû íåðåäêèì ñî÷åòàíèåì ñ ãè­ïåðòîíè÷åñêîé áîëåçíüþ, àòåðîñêëåðîçîì è äðóãèìè çàáîëåâàíèÿìè ïåðåõîäíîãî âîçðàñòà.  ñâÿçè ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè æèçíè ñóùåñòâåííî âîçðîñëî ñîöèàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå ýòèõ çàáîëåâà­íèé; ïîýòîìó âíèìàíèå ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé ïðèâëå­÷åíî ê ìåäèöèíñêèì ïðîáëåìàì äàííûõ âîçðàñòíûõ ãðóïï, ïðè÷åì îñîáîå ìåñòî çàíèìàþò âîïðîñû êîððèãèðóþùåé òåðàïèè, îáåñïå­÷èâàþùåé àäàïòàöèþ îðãàíèçìà æåíùèíû ê íîâîìó ìåòàáîëè÷å­ñêîìó ðàâíîâåñèþ ïîñëå óãàñàíèÿ ôóíêöèè ÿè÷íèêîâ.


5.1. Êëèìàêòåðè÷åñêèé ñèíäðîì

×àñòîòà. Èìåþùèåñÿ â ëèòåðàòóðå ñâåäåíèÿ î ÷àñòîòå âîçíèê­íîâåíèÿ ÊÑ íåìíîãî÷èñëåííû è íåîäíîçíà÷íû. Ïîñëåäíåå âî ìíî­ãîì îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ îñîáåííîñòÿìè èçó÷àâøèõñÿ ïîïóëÿöèé æåíñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ è ðàçëè÷èåì ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîäõîäîâ ê ïðîâåäåíèþ ïîäîáíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Ïî íàøèì íàáëþäåíèÿì [1], îòíîñèâøèì­ñÿ ê 1960-ì ãîäàì, ðàçëè÷íûå ïî òÿæåñòè ïðîÿâëåíèÿ ÊÑ áûëè îá­íàðóæåíû ó 39 % æåíùèí — æèòåëüíèö ñðåäíåé ïîëîñû Ðîññèè ñòàðøå 40 ëåò. Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå äàííûå î 1000 æåíùèí, æèòåëüíèöàõ Àíãëèè, ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî ïàòîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðîÿâëåíèÿ, õà­ðàêòåðíûå äëÿ ÊÑ, ïî âðåìåíè íàñòóïëåíèÿ ìåíîïàóçû îòñóòñòâóþò ëèøü ó 15,8 % îáñëåäîâàííûõ. Çíà÷èòåëüíîå áîëüøèíñòâî îáñëåäî­âàííûõ (89,7 %) ïðîäîëæàëè îáû÷íóþ ïîâñåäíåâíóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü. Çà ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùüþ â ñâÿçè ñ ðàçâèòèåì ÊÑ, ñîãëàñíî ýòèì äàííûì, îáðàùàþòñÿ 10—15 % æåíùèí, âñòóïèâøèõ â êëèìàêòåðè­÷åñêèé ïåðèîä. ×àñòîòà è ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîñòü îòäåëüíûõ ñèìïòî­ìîâ ÊÑ ó æåíùèí 45—54 ëåò, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ïîñòìåíîïàóçå, ïðåä­ñòàâëåíû â òàáë. 5.1.

Òàáëèöà 5.1





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