.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-




σ- , . .

- 400000. , 0,002 .

, 3 , ( 90%, 10%). , (1) (2) . 9 . , AB, CD, EF .., (, AB CD)

,

. 9: (1) (2) . = 3 .
- , n - . 509 n = 1,4519, 644 n = 1,4560.

, (3.1)

k = 1,2,3¼ , λ - . (3.1) - .

 


.

. 10: , -.
10 B, D, F . f.

θn, , , (3.1)

, (3.2)

f - .

(3.3)

- , k - . , ( θ = 0) k .

- , , ; ,

- . p - , , :

(3.4)

(3.4) (3.2) (3.3), , :

(3.5)

, :

(3.6)

e p =0.

, 2 , , , .

,

- , - . , , ,

(3.7)

(3.5) (3.6),

(3.8)

(3.8) , :

(3.7) :

(3.9)

(3.6) :

,

( ) :

,

. ,

, ( ). Δ :

(3.10)

:

(3.10) ,


1. 643,847 , .

2. 508,588 , .

3. , .

4. ϖ .

-.

(Kd) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s2. , , 5s2 . . . 9. , . , , , . . , jj -. , . . 9 . , , 31D2 → 21P1 643,847 , , , 23S1 → 23P2 508,588 .

. 9: , = 0,1 .
23S1 2 , n 1. 6- s-, 5s2 . ( 2P 2S, 23P2 5- p-). 3 , 2S+1, S . 1 J , J = L+S, L+S 1, , LS, L . S, P, D, F L, .. S L =0, P L = 1, 31D2 → 21P1 - , . 2 3S1 → 2 3P2 , .

: ΔmJ = 0, 1, ΔmJ = 0 π- , ΔmJ = 1 - σ- . ( ) . .

- 643,847 508,588 09050.02 1

09050.20 1

. 06480.01 1

06480.03 1

02077.00 1

13662.97 1

, 25 ~/ 20 , 12A 13531.93 1

, , 22000 06211.00 1

0-12 /6 , 12 ~ 13505.93 1

07134.00 1

, l =1000 08282.00 1

, 08284.00 2

, h =30 08286.01 5

, h =80 08286.02 2

08012.00 4

, f =+50 08020.01 2

, f =+300 08023.01 1

08045.00 1

08610.00 1

, 08664.00 1

, l =25 , 07360.01 1

, l =25 , 07360.04 1

, l =50 , 07361.01 1

, l =50 , 07361.04 1

, l =75 , 07362.01 1

, l =100 , 07363.01 1

, l =100 , 07363.04 1

88037.00 1

USB-, Windows 98SE/Windows Me/Windows2000/Windows XP

, (9-11 ). Cd - , , . (20 , 12 ). , 22000 , .

( ):

(80) -

(73) L 3 = +50

(68) ( )

(45)

(39) L 2 = +300

(33) -

(25) L 1 = +50

(20)

(20)

(0) Cd -

. 10:

: , 28 . ( CCD- ) , . L 1 , . . 11 .

. 11: .

, Cd - . L 1 f = 100 - , . - . , (643,8 ).

, , , , . .

8 A. L 3. , - ( ) L 2 ( ), .

5 A ( ), L 3. . , ( ) L 2 L 3 ( ).

: .

1 .

, , L 2 L 3. .

.

90º , ( ), . c ( ). λ/4 . . λ/4 , , +45º , -45º. , ( ). π- .

λ/4. 90º, . , π- . , σ- .

3 A.

> . , > . . 12 , > . , (). .

, 3 8A 1A.


 

. 12: : 5 . , .

2.

.

. 13: , .
< . , . . , (. . 13 ). , s = πr 2. (3.10) (, , ) , , = 3,14159 .

. , .

, .

:

.

: . . . 14. . 14 . 3,5% .

.

, . 15 δ/Δ , (, ). ( , ) .

. 14: ( 9 ) .
. 15. .  

. 7 , σ- π-

,

(3.10)

.

n = 1,456, h = 6,6310-34 ∙, c = 2,99108 /, t = 3 , .

3. . .

- +300 ( ).

, 508,588 . . 16 .


. 16: :


. . 17 .

. 17: :

, 2 7A 1A.


. . 18 .

. 18: :

, 2 7A 1A. , , .. 7,5 , 12 . .

4.





:


: 2016-11-18; !; : 1371 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1550 - | 1344 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.085 .