1
,
3,2 | 5,6 | ||||||||
3,4 | 6,0 | 10,5 | 34/35 | 60/62 | |||||
3,6 | 6,3 | 63/65 | |||||||
3,8 | 6,7 | 11,5 | 67/70 | ||||||
4,0 | 7,1 | 71/72 | |||||||
4,2 | 7,5 | ||||||||
4,5 | 8,0 | 45/47 | |||||||
4,8 | 8,5 | ||||||||
5,0 | 9,0 | 50/52 | |||||||
5,3 | 9,5 | 53/55 |
. .
2
1012 | 10-1 | ||||
109 | 10-2 | ||||
106 | 10-3 | ||||
103 | 10-6 | ||||
102 | 10-9 | ||||
101 | 10-12 |
3
, , | 1 ≈ 0,1 1 ≈ 0,1 | ||
/ | 1/ ≈ 0,1 / 1/ ≈ 0,1 / | ||
, , | ( ) | (/2) | 1 ≈ 0,1 /2 1 ≈ 0,1 /2 1 ≈10 /2 1 ≈ 1/2 |
, | - | ͷ | 1ͷ ≈ 0,1 1ͷ ≈ 0,1 1ͷ ≈ 103 ͷ |
( ) | 1 ≈ 0,1 / 1 = 103 | ||
() | 1 ≈ 0,1 |
4
, α | , μ | ρ, /3 | |||
, | G, | ||||
2105 | 0,8105 | 1210-6 | 0,25 ÷ 0,30 | ||
1105 | 0,45105 | 1010-6 | 0,23 ÷ 0,27 | ||
1105 | 0,4105 | 1610-6 | 0,32 | ||
0,7105 | 0,27105 | 2310-6 | 0,30 | ||
1,1105 | 0,4105 | 1710-6 | 0,35 | ||
1,0105 | 0,36105 | - | 0,34 | ||
( ) | 0,1105 | 0,05105 | - | 0,49 | 550 () |
0,02105 | - | - | 0,36 | - | |
0,02105 | - | - | 0,35 | - |
5
|
|
, | σ, | σ, | |||
.2 | 250 | 330412 | 180210 | - | |
.3 | 370460 | 210235 | - | ||
.4 | 250 | 410500 | 235250 | - | |
.5 | 100 100300 300500 500700 | ||||
.6 | 100 100300 | ||||
- | H | ||||
- | H | ||||
- | H | ||||
100 100300 | 140187 | H | |||
100 100300 300500 | 152207 | ||||
100 100300 300500 500700 4060 6090 90120 180250 | 780880 730830 680780 640740 | 167217 223250 207236 194222 180207 | H | ||
100 100300 300500 | 180229 | ||||
200 | 258310 | ||||
50 | 100 100200 | 241285 | |||
20 | 120 | 3; HO | |||
.5 | |||||
30 | 60 100160 | 215229 | H | ||
35 | 60 60100 100200 | 190241 | H | ||
35 | 200 | 220260 | |||
40 | 60 100200 200300 300600 | 200230 | |||
40 | 120 120150 150180 180250 | 880988 830930 780860 730830 | 257285 243271 230257 215243 | ||
40 | 60 60100 100300 300500 | 220250 | H | ||
40 | 150 150180 180250 | 880980 830930 790880 | 265295 250280 235265 | ||
12 | 80 80120 | 3; HO 3; HO | |||
2024 | 100 | 3; HO | |||
18 | 40120 | 3; HO | |||
30 60; 65 70 602 602 | 120 120200 | 3; HO 3; HO - - / - - / - - / - - / - - / - - / - - / - |
6
( 1412 - 70)
, | , | |||
, σ | , σ | , σ | ||
12-28 12-28 15-32 18-36 21-40 24-44 28-48 32-52 35-56 | - | - - | - | 143..229 - 163229 170229 170241 170241 170241 187225 197269 |
7
( 7293 - 79)
σ, | σ, | δ, % | ||
38-17 42-12 45-5 50-7 50-2 60-2 70-2 80-2 100-2 120-2 | 137166 137196 157215 167236 176255 196274 224294 245323 264353 296372 |
8
( 1585 - 79)
|
|
, | V, / | ||
-1 | 170230 | 5,0 0,3 | |
-2 | 170220 | 0,3 3,0 | |
-3 -4 | 150180 170200 | 1,0 5,0 | |
-5 | 175..220 | 1,0 0,4 | |
-6 | 28110 | 4,0 | |
-1 | 200250 | 10,0 1,0 | |
-2 | 160190 | 5,0 1,0 | |
-1 | 183220 | 2,0 | |
-2 | 160190 | 5,0 1,0 |
9
,
( , , )
, | , / (-1) | |||
0,25 | - | - | - | 71B8/680 |
0,37 | - | - | 71A6/910 | 80A8/675 |
0,55 | - | 71A4/1390 | 71B6/900 | 80B8/700 |
0,75 | 71A2/2840 | 71B4/1390 | 80A6/915 | 90LA8/700 |
1,1 | 71B2/2810 | 80A4/1420 | 80B6/920 | 90LB8/700 |
1,5 | 80A2/2850 | 80B4/1415 | 90L6/935 | 100L8/700 |
2,2 | 80W2/2850 | 90L4/1425 | 100L6/950 | 112MA8/700 |
90L2/2840 | 100S4/1435 | 112MA6/955 | 112MB8/700 | |
100S2/2880 | 100L4/1430 | 112MB6/950 | 132S8/720 | |
5,5 | 100L2/2880 | 112M4/1445 | 132S6/965 | 132M8/720 |
7,5 | 112M2/2900 | 132S4/1455 | 132M6/970 | 160S8/730 |
132M2/2900 | 132M4/1460 | 160S6/975 | 160M8/730 | |
160S2/2940 | 160S4/1465 | 160M6/975 | 180M8/730 | |
18,5 | 160M2/2940 | 160M4/1465 | 180M6/975 | - |
180S2/2945 | 180S4/1470 | - | - | |
180M2/2945 | 180M4/1470 | - | - |
. 4 , - , /.
()
71A 71B | 80A 80B | 90L | 100S 100L | 112M | 132S 132M | 160S2 160M2 | 160S; M 4, 6, 8 | 180S2 180M2 | 180S; M 4, 6, 8 |
10
,
( (), () )
, | , / | , | |||
0,6 | 312/2860 | 314/1410 | 326/930 | - | |
1,0 | 322/2850 | 324/1410 | 416/930 | - | |
1,7 | 412/2850 | 414/1420 | 426/930 | - | |
2,8 | 422/2870 | 424/1420 | 516/930 | - | |
4,5 | 512/2900 | 514/1440 | 526/950 | 628/730 | |
7,0 | 522/2900 | 524/1440 | 626/980 | 638/730 | |
10,0 | 626/2930 | 624/1460 | 636/980 | 728/730 | |
14,0 | 632/2930 | 634/1460 | 726/980 | 738/730 | |
20,0 | 722/2940 | 724/1460 | 736/980 | 818/730 | |
28,0 | 732/2940 | 734/1460 | 826/980 | 838/730 | |
40,0 | 822/2950 | 824/1470 | 836/980 | 936/730 |
. 9 10 - ; ; - , /.
11
2