VS ≈ 0,45 ∙10-3∙ 750∙ 3,32 /.
16, 25 [. 10] :
40, , 4550 RC (420500 ), σ = 750 /2;
II 9, σ = 195 /2; σ = 490 /2.
4.3
I :
N = 60n2 ∙ t,
t , N ≥ 25 ∙107, N = 25 ∙107;
HL = ;
V =1,66VS-0,352 :
VS, / | ≥ 8 | |||
V | 0,95 | 0,88 | 0,83 | 0,8 |
, 107
[σ] = (0,759) σ,
0,75 R < 45,
( ≥350); 0,9 R ≥45 (B>350), σ 26 [. 10].
,
[σ] = HL∙CV[σ].
II ( 26[. 10]): [σ] = 250 /2 ≤ 350;
[σ] = 300 /2 ( ≥ 350).
[σ] = [σ] 25 VS = 300-25∙3,32= 217 /2.
III .
[σ] = 175 35 VS.
4.4
:
FL = ,
N ;
26 [. 10]:
I II :
[σ]Fo = 0,25σ + 0,08σ;
III :
[σ]Fo = 0,12σ
[σ]F = KFL∙[σ]Fo.
, , . 4.2, , :
N = 60∙n2 t = 60∙25∙30000 = 4,5∙107 = 45∙106;
FL = ≈ 0,66;
[σ]Fo = 0,25∙195 + 0,08∙490=87,95 /2, σ = 195 /2
σ = 490 /2, . 4.2;
[σ]F = 0,66∙87,95 = 58,05 H/2.
[σ] = 217 /2 [σ]F = 58,05 /2.
4.5
.
4.5.1
|
|
aω ≥ 61 ,
ω ;
61 .
aω ≥ 61 = 166,3 .
aω , 1 [. 10].
aω = 170 .
4.5.2
z1 u :
8 ≤ u ≤ 14; 14 < u < 30; u ≥ 30;
z1 = 4; z1 = 2; z1 = 1.
u =30, , z1 = 1; z2 = uz1 = 301 = 30. z2 > zmίn = 28, .
:
m = (1,51,7) ω/z2,
m ,
m = (1,51,7) = 8,59,63 .
:
m, 2,5; 3,15; 4,0; 5,0; 6,3; 8,0; 10,0; 12,5; 16 ( 29 [. 10]).
m = 10 .
:
q = .
q = .
q qmin = 0,212 z2; qmin = 0,212 30 = 6,36. q = 4 qmin = 6,36, q, m = 10 q = 8 29 [. 10].
ω, z2, q :
= - 0,5 (z2 + q) = 170/10 0,5(30+8) = 17 - 19= - 2.
| x | > 1, ω,q z2 . ω = 180 , m = 10 , q = 8.
= 180/10 0,5(30+8) = 18-19 = -1.
| x | = 1, ω, z2, q .
u = z2/z1 = 30/1 = 30 Δu
Δu = = ≤ 4%.
, .
4.5.3
:
d1 = mq = 10·8 = 80 ;
d a 1 = d1 +2m = 80+2·10 = 100 ;
df1 = d1 2,4m = 80-2,4·10 = 56;
x < 0
1 = (10+5,5 | x | +z1) m = (10 + 5,5 |-1| + 1) 10 = 165 .
1 1 [. 10], .. 1 = 170 .
. , .. > 0, . 1, , (70 +60 ) m/z2 1 .
|
|
d2 = mz2 = 1030 = 300 ;
ω = 0,5(d1+d2) = 0,5 (80 + 300) = 190 ;
d a 2 = d2 + 2(1 + x) m = 300 + 210 = 320 .
. ω 1
= = 190/10 0,5 (30 + 8) = 0;
d a m2 ≤ d a2 +6m/(z1 + 2) = 320 + 6∙10/1 +2 = 340 ;
d f 2 = d2 -2∙ m(1,2 x) = 300 - 2∙10∙1,2 = 276 ;
2 = ψ · ω, ψ 0,355, z1 = 1 2; 0,315, z1 = 4,
2 = 0,355· 190 = 67,45 , 2 1 [. 10], 2 = 71 ;
h a = m = 10 ;
h f = 1,2m = 1,210 = 12 ;
h = h a + hf = 10+12 = 22 ;
= π·m = 3,14·10 = 31,4 ;
S, , .. S = e = 0,5·P,
S = e =0,5 · 31,4 = 15,7 ;
= 0,2· m = 0,2 · 10 = 2 ;
()
γ = arctg [z1 /(q + 2 x)] = arctg [1/8] = 7,125 (707').
, , .
4.5.4
, .
η = 0,95 · ,
' , :
VS, / | 0,5 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 2,5 | |||||
' | 310' 340' | 230' 310' | 220' 250' | 200' 230' | 140' 220' | 130' 200' | 120' 140' | 100' 130' | 055' 120' | 050' 110' |
' - , , . ' :
VS = V1/cosγ,
V1 (V1 = πd1n1/60000 /), γ . 4.5.3. : V2 = πd2n2/60000 /.
:
V1 = 3,14·80·750/60000 = 3,14 /;
V2 = 3,14·300·25/60000=0,39/;
VS = 3,14/cos70 07' = 3,14/0,992 = 3,17 /.
VS = 3,17 / ( .4.2) VS = 3,32 /, [σ] = [σ] 25Vs = 300 - 25·3,17 = 220,75 /2.
VS ' ' = 154'. '= 7 07' , :
η = 0,95 .
.
4.5.5
. :
t ≤ [t],
t , 95.
:
t = [(1 η)1/]+20,
1 = πn22/30η 1 = 1ω1 - ;
= 1218 /2 ;
, ω 32 [. 10]:
ω, | ||||||||||
, 2 | 0,19 | 0,24 | 0,36 | 0,43 | 0,54 | 0,67 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,4 |
|
|
, , :
ω = 190 ≈ 0,735 2
1 = = 3329,1 ;
= 12 /2
t = [(1 0,75) 3329,1/120,735]+ 20 ≈ 114.
, , . :
-, ;
-, , :
t = [(1-η)1/(0,7 +0,3)·]+ 20,
, , , :
n1 | ||||
. , :
t = = 10484.
. (.. ).
4.5.6
, , ( 4.2):
,
Ft2 = F a 1= 2T2/d2;
,
Ft1 = F a 2 = 2T2/(u d1 η);
Fr1 = Fr2 =Ft2 · tgα,
α = 20 ; tg20 = 0,3640.
. 4.2 ,
:
Ft2 = F a 1= ;
Ft1 = F a 2= ;
F r 1 = F r 2 = 6361,3· 0,3640 = 2315,5 .
4.5.7
20 [. 10] . . 4.5.4, V2 = 0,39 / 20 [. 10] 9-.
4.6
. , .. -, .
4.6.1
σ = (0,91,1) [σ],
σ () ,
σ = ,
, V2 ≤ 3 / =1,
V2 > 3 / = 1,11,3.
, :
σ = /2.
,
σ = 174,8 /2 [σ] = 220,75242,8 /2.
[σ] .4.3 .4.5.4.
σ = 174,8 /2 < [σ]= 220,75 /2.
|
|
4.6.2
σF = ,
YF , 31 [. 10].
zV2 = z2/cos3γ,
F . 4.6.1;
2 = 71 .
, : F = = 1,
zV2 = 30/0,9923 = 30,73.
YF = 1,71.
σF = /2.
, σF = 10,72 /2 << [σ]F 1,1 = 58,05 1,1 = 63,86 /2.
4.1
4.1
u | ||
, /2 | [σ] | 220,75 |
, /2 | [σ]F | 58,05 |
, | ||
z1 | ||
z2 | ||
(), | m | |
q | 8,0 | |
, | d1 | |
, | d 1 | |
, | d f 1 | |
, | 1 | |
, | d2 | |
, | d a 2 | |
, | d 2 | |
, | d f 2 | |
, | 2 | |
, | h | |
, | h f | |
, | h | |
, | 31,4 | |
, | S = e | 15,7 |
() , | γ | 7 07' |
, / | Vs | 3,17 |
η | 0,75 | |
, | Ft2 = F a 1 | 6361,3 |
, | Ft1 = F a 2 | |
, | F r 1 = F r 2 | 2315,5 |
, | t | 10484 |
, /2 | σH | 174,8 |
, /2 | σF | 10,72 |
4.7
: ; ; ; .
4.3 .
. 4.3
. 3.1, 3.2,. , , .
.
.
, , [τ] :
d = ,
[τ] = 1530 /2;
- ͷ.
4.7.1
4.7.1.1 .
. 4.4.
. 4.4
1 ℓ d, ℓ d, d , , d 1 1. ℓ , , 1, .
: 1 = 45,44 ͷ; ω = 190 ; d 1 = 100 ; d f = 56 ; 1 = 170 ; d 2 = 340 .
4.7.1.2
d = = 22,5.
|
|
d= (0,71,0) d = (0,71,0) 42 = 29,442 .
d = 30
( 1 [. 10]).