, , , = 17 ͷ; = 24 ͷ; z = 114,6 ͷ.
2.8.2.4 .
45, 40, 44 [. 10].
, 1 , : 40, , ; d ≤ 120 ( 44 [. 10]) =270;
σ =900 /2; σ = 750 /2; τ = 450 /2; σ-1 = 410 /2; τ-1 = 240 /2.
(2) 45 d ≤ 80 ( 44 [. 10]): = 270;
σ = 900 /2; σ = 650 /2; τ = 390 /2; σ-1 =380 /2;
τ-1 = 230 /2.
. 2.10 (z), (z), Z(z)
:
S ≥ [S],
S ;
[S] = 1,31,6 .
S = ,
K = 2,5 ;
σ ,
σ = ,
W = - ;
d = 32 ;
= - ;
= - .
:
= ;
= ;
W = 3; σ = /2;
S = >> [S] = 1,31,6.
.
3.
3.1 .
, , . . 3.1, 1 2 3.2.
:
- 2 = 95,5 ͷ;
u = 2,38;
: n1 = 950 /,
ω1 = 99,4 -1;
: n2 = 400 /,
ω2 = 41,9 -1;
: t = Lh = 30000 .
. 3.1
. 3.2
3.2
, , . , : , (), .
|
|
, (). > 350 (HRC). HRC 16 [. 10] 10 ≈1 HRC.
, [σ] , .
, ( 16 [. 10]): - 40X, , 269..302 ; 40X, , 45..50 HRC.
:
= 0,5 (min + max), (3.1)
= 0,5(269+302) = 285,5;
RC = 0,5(45+50)=47,5 =450.
3.3
[σ]2 [σ]1 :
[σ] = L[σ]HO, (3.2)
L - ;
[σ]HO - , .
:
KHL = ; (3.3)
NHO - ;
N ;
KHLmax e ( HLmax= 2,6; KHLmax = 1,8).
NHO :
NHO = (HB)3,(3.4)
NHO2 = (285,5)3 = 2,3∙107, NHO1=(450)3=9,1∙107.
: N2 = 60 ∙ n2 ∙ t = 60 ∙ 400 ∙ 30000 = 7,2∙108;
N1 = N2∙u = 7,2 ∙ 108 ∙ 2,38 = 17∙108.
N > NHO, KHL = 1,0.
17 [.10] .
[σ]HO2 = 1,8 HB + 67 = 1,8∙285,5+ 67 = 581 /2,
[σ]HO1 = 14R + 70 = 735 /2.
, KHL = 1, : [σ]HO2=581/2; [σ]HO1 =735 /2. [σ]H2, [σ]H1, .. [σ]H = 581 /2.
3.4
[σ]F2 [σ]F1 :
[σ]F = KFL[σ]FO, (3.5)
[σ]FO - , NFO = 4∙ 106, 17[4] HB.
|
|
: [σ]FO =1,03.
KFL - , KFL = 1,0
N ≥ 4 ∙ 106;
N :
KHL = ≤ KFLmax, (3.6)
m - , m = 6 m = 9 .
KFLmax KFLmax= 2,08; KFLmax= 1,63.
:
N2 = 720∙106 > 4∙ 106, KFL2 = 1,0;
N1 = 2600 ∙ 106 > 4∙ 106, KFL1 = 1,0.
:
[σ]F1= KFL1 [σ]FO1 = 1,03∙450 = 464 /2;
[σ]F2 = KFL2[σ]FO2 = 1,03∙285,5 = 294 /2.
: [σ]F2 = 294 /2 [σ]F1 = 464 /2.
3.5
3.5.1
:
d'e2 ≥ 165 (3.7)
KHβ = 1,0 - ;
u - ;
[σ]H- , /2 ();
T2 - , H.
3.5.2 ,
δ1 δ2 ( 24 [. 10]):
δ2 = arctg u = arctg 2,38 = arctg(0,42) = 67,2;
δ1 = 90º - δ2 = 90º - 67,2 = 22,8. (3.8)
:
Re = . (3.9)
b:
b = 0,285∙Re = 0,285∙83 = 23,7 . (3.10)
, b = 24 .
3.5.3
:
me ≥ ,
[σ]F2 - ;
KFβ = 1 - ;
T2 - , ∙;
d'e2- , .
, 19 [4], .. me = 1,5 .
3.5.4
:
z2 = . (3.12)
: z2 = 102.
:
z1 = . (3.13)
z1 = 43.
3.5.5
:
u = . (3.14)
4%, ..
∆ u = .
3.5.6
. 3.2.
δ2 δ1:
δ2 = arctg(u) = arctg(2,37) = 67;
δ1 = 90º - δ2 = 90º - 67 = 23. (3.15)
de1 de2:
de1 = me ∙ z1 = 1,5 ∙ 43 = 65 ;
de2 = me ∙ z2 = 1,5 ∙ 102 = 153 . (3.16)
:
1 = 2,6 ∙u0,14 ∙ z1-0,67 = 2,6 ∙2,370,14 ∙43-0,67 = 0,235;
2 = - 1 = - 0,235. (3.17)
dae1 dae2 :
dae1 = de1 + 2(1+xe1)∙me ∙ cosδ1 = 65 +2(1+0,235)∙1,5∙0,941 = 68 ;
dae2 = de2 + 2(1+2)∙me ∙ cosδ2 = 153 + 2(1-0,235)∙1,5∙0,495 = 154 . (3.18)
3.5.7
, , Fn , , : Ft, Fr, Fa. . 3.3.
|
|
:
Ft2 = . (3.19)
dm2 ,
dm2 = 0,857 ∙ de2 = 0,857∙153 = 131 .
, :
Fa1 = Fr2 = Ft ∙ tgα ∙sin δ1 = 1458∙0,364∙0,339 = 180 H. (3.20)
, :
Fr1 = Fa2 = Ft ∙ tgα ∙ cos δ1 = 1458 ∙ 0,364 ∙ 0,941 = 499 H, (3.21)
tgα = tg 20º = 0,364.
. 3.3
3.5.8
20 [.10],
V = , /.
V = (3,14·153·400) /60000 = 3,2 /.
8- .
3.6
3.6.1
:
σF ≤ 1,1 [σ]F, (3.22)
[σ]F - .
:
σF2 = , (3.23)
KFβ = 1 - , , ;
KFV- , , ≤ 350, KFV = 1,4; < 350 HB, KFV = 1,2.
YF1 YF2 - ( 21[. 10]), .
:
zV1 = , zV2 = . (3.24)
21 [. 10], : YF1 = 3,66 YF2 = 3,61.
:
σF2 = /2 .
:
σF1 = σF2∙ . (3.25)
: [σ]F2 = 294 /2 [σ]F1 = 464 /2, .
3.6.2
:
σ = (0,91,1)∙ [σ]. (3.26)
:
σ = 2,12 ∙ 103 , (3.27)
KHβ = 1 - .
:
σH = (0,91,1)∙[σ]H = (0,91,1)∙581 = (523639)/2.
, . , .
3.1.
3.1
, /2 | [σ] | |
, /2 | [σ]F1 | |
, /2 | [σ]F2 | |
(), | me | 1,5 |
z1 | ||
z2 | ||
u | 2,37 | |
, | de1 | |
, | de2 | |
, | dae1 | |
, | dae2 | |
, | Re | |
, | b | |
, | δ1 | |
, | δ2 | |
, | Ft1 = Ft2 | |
, , | Fr1 = Fa2 | |
, , | Fa1 = Fr2 | |
: /2 | σF1 | |
: /2 | σF2 | |
, /2 | σ | |
, | dm2 |
|
|
3.7
, , .
3.7.1
3.7.1.1 .
, , , , , ..
, , "-" , , , .
, , .
. 3.7.1 , (-).
. 3.7.1
:
1 = 42,26 ͷ;
dae1 = 68 ;
d2 = 154 .
3.7.1.2
d, [τ] = 15 30 /2:
d = .
, d = 24 .
d1 :
d1 = d + 2 t = 24 + 2 3,5 = 31 ,
t = 3,5 35 [. 10] d.
d2, , :
d2 = d1 + (24) = 31 + (24) = (3335) ,
: d2 = 35 ( 35).
d : d ≥ d2.
d 5,
d = 35 .
Ft, Fr Fa , ( 333 - 79). d = 35 40 [. 10] 7207, = 18,25 .
d:
d = d + 3 r = 35 + 3 2 = 41 ,
r = 2 35 [. 10] d.
:
ℓ = 1,5d = 1,5 24 = 36 ;
ℓ = 0,8∙d1 = 0,8∙31 = 24,8 ;
= 0,4 ∙ d2 = 0,4∙35 = 14 ;
ℓ = ℓ + = 46,2 + 18,25 = 64 ,
ℓ = 0,3 ∙ d2 = 0,3 ∙ 154 = 46,2 - , .
-:
ℓ1 = ℓ + ℓ + + ℓ + + b = 36 + 24,8 + 14 + 18,25 + 46,2 + 24 =
= 163,2 . ℓ1 = 164 .
, , .
3.7.2
3.7.2.1 .
. 3.7.2.