= Moguchaya kuchka, Mighty Handful / Band / Coterie, the (Russian) Five. * chernozem vs black earth * kolkhoz vs collective farm *
- . = The Russian Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let, aka "Tale of Bygone Years") is the most important historical work of early medieval Rus.
Do not forget that it is much easier to write in English than to speak English, because you can write without a foreign accent (Mikes, p.34).
The years between the death of Boris Godunov and the accession of Mikhail Romanov are usually known as the Smutnoe vremya (Time of Troubles). (CamEnc 1994, p.80)
, () . , , :
1. , : Smutnoe vremya Time of Troubles;
2.
3. ( ) * : CALLED <> KNOWN AS <> REFERRED TO AS <> WHAT IS CALLED /WHAT THEY CALL/ WHAT RUSSIANS CALL <>
Historians refer to this circle of Ivan the Terribles advisers as the Chosen Council. (Warnes)
: so-called (often derogatory) (used to suggest that the words used to describe somebody or something are not appropriate):
Our so-called villa by the sea was a small bungalow two miles from the coast. [OALD: so ]
Peter, in 1697, went with the so-called Grand Embassy to Western Europe. (EncBr)
Kievan Rus , L.4, ex.5 (pp.66/300)
<1> Kievan Rus was closely linked with Byzantium and absorbed much ecclesiastical and secular culture. Music played an important ceremonial and entertaining role in court life. <2> Those were the days of the skomorokhi, wandering minstrels and court buffoons, who appear in many Russian operas (Rimsk-Korsakov 's Snow Maiden is an example).
<3> The balalaika, the triangular stringed instrument now so popular, only dates back to the 19th c., while the guitar and accordion used widely today were introduced even later. <4> Early Russian folk music employed a whole range of bowed*, plucked and wind instruments, some of them were of oriental provenance like the 16th-c. domra, a forerunner of the balalaika, which is still played today in India and elsewhere.
<5> A very ancient stringed instrument often mentioned in folk epics and ballads is the gusli, which the minstrels used to accompany their songs. <6> Sadko, the 12th-c. merchant from Novgorod, celebrated in a medieval ballad (bylina), reputedly played his gusli for three days and three nights to placate the Sea King when a storm threatened to wreck his 30 red ships laden with rich wares.
<7> With the growth of the Muscovite state in the period between the 14th and 17th cs. Moscow was hailed as the Third Rome and the Church became the dominant influence. <8> In the mid-17th c., the Patriarch of Moscow even ordered the destruction of all folk instruments that could be found in the city. <9> The skomorokhi, now regarded as an evil, pagan influence, were forced to flee into the countryside (Fodors`89, p.110 ). *
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: skomorokhi <> : <5> (the minstrels) <> 3rd: <9>
: gusli <5>, .
* ( ) . [Cf.: Latin names of flora and fauna]
<5> a medieval ballad (bylina)
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. , , skomorokhi
Dear Sir:
My wife and I are not only Dekabristy buffs, but we have visited the site portrayed in your article. [] We found a major part of Eastern Siberia including the sites of Decembrists exile handsome terrain, much like New England. (Smithsonian Aug 1991).
